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arXiv 1606.05050cs.CCcs.LOmath.LO
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从代数电路复杂性证明复杂性下界

Proof Complexity Lower Bounds from Algebraic Circuit Complexity

Michael A. Forbes, Amir Shpilka, Iddo Tzameret, Avi Wigderson

摘要:

我们给上和下界的子系统的电源的理想证明系统(IPS),代数证明系统最近提出的Grochow和Pitassi,其中的电路,包括证明来自各种限制代数电路类。这模仿了一个既定的研究方向,在布尔设置子系统的扩展弗雷格证明,证明线是电路从限制布尔电路类。除了一个,本文考虑的所有子系统都可以模拟研究充分的零星证明系统,在此之前,没有已知的下限时,测量证明大小的多项式的代数复杂性(除了相对于度,或稀疏性)。我们给出了两个一般的方法转换某些代数下界证明复杂性。我们的方法需要更强的概念下界,下界多项式以及整个家庭的多项式定义。我们的技术让人想起现有的方法转换成相关的证明复杂性的结果,如可行的插值布尔电路下界。我们获得了各种类别(稀疏多项式,深度3幂公式,只读一次遗忘代数分支程序和多线性公式)的相关类型的下界,并推断出相关的证明复杂性结果。我们补充我们的下限给出简短的反驳以前研究的子集和公理使用IPS子系统,使我们能够得出结论,这些子系统之间的严格分离。

英文摘要:

We give upper and lower bounds on the power of subsystems of the Ideal Proof System (IPS), the algebraic proof system recently proposed by Grochow and Pitassi, where the circuits comprising the proof come from various restricted algebraic circuit classes. This mimics an established research direction in the boolean setting for subsystems of Extended Frege proofs, where proof-lines are circuits from restricted boolean circuit classes. Except one, all of the subsystems considered in this paper can simulate the well-studied Nullstellensatz proof system, and prior to this work there were no known lower bounds when measuring proof size by the algebraic complexity of the polynomials (except with respect to degree, or to sparsity). We give two general methods of converting certain algebraic lower bounds into proof complexity ones. Our methods require stronger notions of lower bounds, which lower bound a polynomial as well as an entire family of polynomials it defines. Our techniques are reminiscent of existing methods for converting boolean circuit lower bounds into related proof complexity results, such as feasible interpolation. We obtain the relevant types of lower bounds for a variety of classes (sparse polynomials, depth-3 powering formulas, read-once oblivious algebraic branching programs, and multilinear formulas), and infer the relevant proof complexity results. We complement our lower bounds by giving short refutations of the previously-studied subset-sum axiom using IPS subsystems, allowing us to conclude strict separations between some of these subsystems.

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