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arXiv 2504.08063cs.CCcs.DS
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常数深度代数电路在次指数时间内的确定性因式分解

Deterministic factorization of constant-depth algebraic circuits in subexponential time

Somnath Bhattacharjee, Mrinal Kumar, Varun Ramanathan, Ramprasad Saptharishi, Shubhangi Saraf

AI总结:

本文提出次指数时间确定性算法,可对有理数域上常数深度代数电路进行完整因式分解,并首次确定性分解稀疏多项式。

摘要:

几十年来,人们已经知道由代数电路给出的多项式因式分解存在高效随机算法,但为该问题获得哪怕只是略微非平凡的确定性算法,始终是一个备受关注的开放问题。即使输入代数电路具有额外结构,例如它是常数深度电路,情况也是如此。事实上,即使对于看似更容易的稀疏多项式因式分解问题,甚至测试稀疏多项式不可约性的问题,也没有已知的高效确定性算法。在本工作中,我们在这些问题上取得了进展:我们设计了一种运行在次指数时间内的确定性算法,当给定有理数域上的常数深度代数电路 $C$ 作为输入时,它输出 $C$ 的所有不可约因子的代数电路(深度可能不受限制),以及它们的重数。特别地,我们给出了首个用于稀疏多项式因式分解的次指数时间确定性算法。在证明中,我们依赖于对常数深度电路的幂级数根结构的更精细理解,以及对 Kabanets-Impagliazzo 生成器的分析。特别地,我们表明,使用低难度硬多项式(由 Limaye、Srinivasan 和 Tavenas 的工作显式构造)构造的 Kabanets-Impagliazzo 生成器,不仅保持小型常数深度电路的非零性(如 Chou、Kumar 和 Solomon 所示),还保持它们的不可约性及其因子的不可约性。

英文摘要:

While efficient randomized algorithms for factorization of polynomials given by algebraic circuits have been known for decades, obtaining an even slightly non-trivial deterministic algorithm for this problem has remained an open question of great interest. This is true even when the input algebraic circuit has additional structure, for instance, when it is a constant-depth circuit. Indeed, no efficient deterministic algorithms are known even for the seemingly easier problem of factoring sparse polynomials or even the problem of testing the irreducibility of sparse polynomials. In this work, we make progress on these questions: we design a deterministic algorithm that runs in subexponential time, and when given as input a constant-depth algebraic circuit $C$ over the field of rational numbers, it outputs algebraic circuits (of potentially unbounded depth) for all the irreducible factors of $C$, together with their multiplicities. In particular, we give the first subexponential time deterministic algorithm for factoring sparse polynomials. For our proofs, we rely on a finer understanding of the structure of power series roots of constant-depth circuits and the analysis of the Kabanets-Impagliazzo generator. In particular, we show that the Kabanets-Impagliazzo generator constructed using low-degree hard polynomials (explicitly constructed in the work of Limaye, Srinivasan & Tavenas) preserves not only the non-zeroness of small constant-depth circuits (as shown by Chou, Kumar & Solomon), but also their irreducibility and the irreducibility of their factors.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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