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arXiv 1606.01043math.CO
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关于无三角形图中独立集的平均大小

On the average size of independent sets in triangle-free graphs

Ewan Davies, Matthew Jenssen, Will Perkins, Barnaby Roberts

摘要:

我们证明了一个渐近紧下界的平均大小的独立集在三角形自由图上的$n$顶点的最大程度$d$,表明一个独立集均匀随机从这样的图具有预期的大小至少$(1+o_d(1)) \frac{\log d}{d}n$。这给出了Shearer关于Ramsey数$R(3,k)$的上界的另一种证明.证明了最大度为$d$的无三角形图的独立集总数至少为$\exp \left[\left(\frac{1}{2}+o_d(1) \right) \frac{\log^2 d}{d}n \right]$。指数中的常数$1/2$是最好的。在这两种情况下,紧密性由随机$d$ -正则图表现。这两个结果都来自于考虑统计物理学的核心模型:对于逸度参数$λ>0$,从概率与$λ^{|I|}$成比例的图中绘制的随机独立集$I$。我们证明了一个一般的下界占用分数(归一化的随机独立集的预期大小)的硬核模型上的三角形的最大程度的图$d$。对于所有$λ=O_d(1)$,$d$中的界是渐近紧的。最后,我们陈述了关于无三角形图中独立集的平均大小和最大大小之间关系的几个猜想,并给出了这些猜想在拉姆齐理论中的一些结论。

英文摘要:

We prove an asymptotically tight lower bound on the average size of independent sets in a triangle-free graph on $n$ vertices with maximum degree $d$, showing that an independent set drawn uniformly at random from such a graph has expected size at least $(1+o_d(1)) \frac{\log d}{d}n$. This gives an alternative proof of Shearer's upper bound on the Ramsey number $R(3,k)$. We then prove that the total number of independent sets in a triangle-free graph with maximum degree $d$ is at least $\exp \left[\left(\frac{1}{2}+o_d(1) \right) \frac{\log^2 d}{d}n \right]$. The constant $1/2$ in the exponent is best possible. In both cases, tightness is exhibited by a random $d$-regular graph. Both results come from considering the hard-core model from statistical physics: a random independent set $I$ drawn from a graph with probability proportional to $λ^{|I|}$, for a fugacity parameter $λ>0$. We prove a general lower bound on the occupancy fraction (normalized expected size of the random independent set) of the hard-core model on triangle-free graphs of maximum degree $d$. The bound is asymptotically tight in $d$ for all $λ=O_d(1)$. We conclude by stating several conjectures on the relationship between the average and maximum size of an independent set in a triangle-free graph and give some consequences of these conjectures in Ramsey theory.

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