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arXiv 1604.06375math.DGgr-qc
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类空余维2子流形的单调性质

Umbilical properties of spacelike co-dimension two submanifolds

Nastassja Cipriani, José M. M. Senovilla, Joeri Van der Veken

摘要:

对于半黎曼流形的黎曼子流形,我们引入了\emph{total shear tensor}和\emph{shear operators}的概念,作为相应的第二基本型和形状算子的无迹部分.这些量之间的关系和子流形的脐性质。几个新的概念,脐子流形,然后被认为是随着经典概念的全脐和伪脐子流形。然后我们讨论了余维数$2$的情形,给出了子流形关于法向为脐点的充要条件。此外,我们证明了脐方向,如果它存在,是唯一的-除非子流形是全脐的-我们给出了一个公式来计算它明确。当环境流形是洛伦兹流形时,我们也提供了一种确定其因果性质的方法。最后,我们通过对Kerr黑洞的Lorentzian几何的说明来说明我们的结果。

英文摘要:

For Riemannian submanifolds of a semi-Riemannian manifold, we introduce the concepts of \emph{total shear tensor} and \emph{shear operators} as the trace-free part of the corresponding second fundamental form and shape operators. The relationship between these quantities and the umbilical properties of the submanifold is shown. Several novel notions of umbilical submanifolds are then considered along with the classical concepts of totally umbilical and pseudo-umbilical submanifolds. Then we focus on the case of co-dimension $2$, and we present necessary and sufficient conditions for the submanifold to be umbilical with respect to a normal direction. Moreover, we prove that the umbilical direction, if it exists, is unique ---unless the submanifold is totally umbilical--- and we give a formula to compute it explicitly. When the ambient manifold is Lorentzian we also provide a way of determining its causal character. We end the paper by illustrating our results on the Lorentzian geometry of the Kerr black hole.

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