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arXiv 1603.09720cond-mat.str-el
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自旋冰中正负磁单极子间吸引库仑力的实验特征

Experimental signature of the attractive Coulomb force between positive and negative magnetic monopoles in spin ice

C. Paulsen, S. R. Giblin, E. Lhotel, D. Prabhakaran, G. Balakrishnan K. Matsuhira, S. T. Bramwell

摘要:

随着所施加的电场的平方根指数增长的非欧姆电流从电子场发射(肖特基效应)、电解质(第二维恩效应)和半导体(普尔-弗伦克尔效应)中是众所周知的。它是正负电荷之间的吸引库仑力的普遍特征,当电荷被施加的电场的力沿相反方向驱动时,这种吸引力被揭示出来。在这里,我们应用热猝灭自旋冰制备亚稳态人口的绑定对积极和消极的紧急磁单极子在毫开尔文温度。我们发现磁场的作用导致了磁流的普适指数根场增长,从而证实了磁性准粒子间的微观库仑力,并建立了Poole-Frenkel效应的磁性模拟。在300 mK以上的温度下,逐渐恢复动力学平衡导致非欧姆电流顺利地演变成磁单极子的高场维恩效应,这与最近严格的自旋冰维恩效应理论相比得到了证实。我们的研究结果扩展了指数根场形式的普遍性到磁性和新兴粒子动力学的力量来描述远离平衡响应在复杂系统。

英文摘要:

A non-Ohmic current that grows exponentially with the square root of applied electric field is well known from thermionic field emission (the Schottky effect), electrolytes (the second Wien effect) and semiconductors (the Poole-Frenkel effect). It is a universal signature of the attractive Coulomb force between positive and negative electrical charges, which is revealed as the charges are driven in opposite directions by the force of an applied electric field. Here we apply thermal quenches to spin ice to prepare metastable populations of bound pairs of positive and negative emergent magnetic monopoles at millikelvin temperatures. We find that the application of a magnetic field results in a universal exponential-root field growth of magnetic current, thus confirming the microscopic Coulomb force between the magnetic monopole quasiparticles and establishing a magnetic analogue of the Poole-Frenkel effect. At temperatures above 300 mK, gradual restoration of kinetic monopole equilibria causes the non-Ohmic current to smoothly evolve into the high field Wien effect for magnetic monopoles, as confirmed by comparison to a recent and rigorous theory of the Wien effect in spin ice. Our results extend the universality of the exponential-root field form into magnetism and illustrate the power of emergent particle kinetics to describe far-from equilibrium response in complex systems.

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