arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1601.01694hep-thcond-mat.stat-mechmath-phmath.MPquant-ph
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随机张量网络的全息对偶

Holographic duality from random tensor networks

Patrick Hayden, Sepehr Nezami, Xiao-Liang Qi, Nathaniel Thomas, Michael Walter, Zhao Yang

摘要:

张量网络为探索全息对偶提供了一个自然的框架,因为它们遵守纠缠区定律。他们已被用来构建明确的玩具模型实现许多有趣的结构特征的AdS/CFT对应,包括非唯一性的散装运营商重建的边界理论。在这篇文章中,我们探讨了随机张量网络的全息特性。我们发现,我们的模型自然纳入了许多功能,是类似的AdS/CFT对应。当张量的键维数较大时,我们证明了边界区域的纠缠熵,无论是否连通,都服从Ryu-Takayanagi熵公式,这一事实与多体纠缠的已知性质密切相关.此外,我们发现,每个边界区域忠实地编码整个体纠缠楔的物理。我们的方法是将随机张量的平均值解释为经典铁磁伊辛模型的配分函数,从而使Ryu-Takayanagi的极小表面表现为畴壁。在包含体场的模拟后,我们发现我们的模型再现了对Ryu-Takayanagi公式的预期修正:最小表面被移位,熵被体场的纠缠增强。增加体场的纠缠最终会以类似于创建黑洞的方式在拓扑上改变最小表面。外推散装关联函数的边界允许边界运营商的标度尺寸的计算,表现出一个小数目的低维运营商和休息之间的差距很大。虽然我们的主要动机是AdS/CFT对偶,我们的主要结果定义了一个更一般的形式的体边界对应,这可能是有用的全息扩展到其他时空。

英文摘要:

Tensor networks provide a natural framework for exploring holographic duality because they obey entanglement area laws. They have been used to construct explicit toy models realizing many interesting structural features of the AdS/CFT correspondence, including the non-uniqueness of bulk operator reconstruction in the boundary theory. In this article, we explore the holographic properties of networks of random tensors. We find that our models naturally incorporate many features that are analogous to those of the AdS/CFT correspondence. When the bond dimension of the tensors is large, we show that the entanglement entropy of boundary regions, whether connected or not, obey the Ryu-Takayanagi entropy formula, a fact closely related to known properties of the multipartite entanglement of assistance. Moreover, we find that each boundary region faithfully encodes the physics of the entire bulk entanglement wedge. Our method is to interpret the average over random tensors as the partition function of a classical ferromagnetic Ising model, so that the minimal surfaces of Ryu-Takayanagi appear as domain walls. Upon including the analog of a bulk field, we find that our model reproduces the expected corrections to the Ryu-Takayanagi formula: the minimal surface is displaced and the entropy is augmented by the entanglement of the bulk field. Increasing the entanglement of the bulk field ultimately changes the minimal surface topologically in a way similar to creation of a black hole. Extrapolating bulk correlation functions to the boundary permits the calculation of the scaling dimensions of boundary operators, which exhibit a large gap between a small number of low-dimension operators and the rest. While we are primarily motivated by AdS/CFT duality, our main results define a more general form of bulk-boundary correspondence which could be useful for extending holography to other spacetimes.

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