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arXiv 1512.03430astro-ph.GA
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小团簇可以解释高红移星系中巨团簇的特殊性质

Clusters of Small Clumps Can Explain The Peculiar Properties of Giant Clumps in High-Redshift Galaxies

Manuel Behrendt, Andreas Burkert, Marc Schartmann

摘要:

巨团块是观测到的高红移盘星系的一个特征。我们建议,这些kpc大小的团块具有复杂的子结构,是许多较小的团块自组织成团块集群(CC)的结果。这种自下而上的情况与常见的自上而下的观点相反,这些巨大的团块首先形成,然后是子碎片。利用一个孤立的、碎片化的大质量气体盘的高分辨率流体动力学模拟,并模仿Genzel等人(2011)在$z \sim 2$的观测结果,我们发现许多细节都非常一致。CC表现为大小为$R_{\mathrm{HWHM}} \simeq 0.9-1.4$ kpc、质量为$\sim 1.5-3 \times 10^9 \ \mathrm{M_{\odot}}$的单个实体,代表高z观测值。它们围绕着银河系中心形成一个环。在我们的模拟中,观察到的团块的高本征速度色散$σ_{\mathrm{intrinsic}} \simeq 50 - 100 \ \mathrm{km \ s^{-1}}$的起源是由其子结构的内部不规则运动完全解释的。不需要额外的能量输入,例如通过恒星反馈。此外,在协议的观测,我们发现一个小的速度梯度$V_{\mathrm{grad}} \simeq 8 - 27 \ \mathrm{km \ s^{-1} \ kpc^{-1}}$沿CC的光束涂抹速度残差图,对应于净旋和逆行旋转相对于银河系盘的旋转。CC情景可能对观察到的巨星系团的内部演化、寿命和迁移时间尺度、凸起生长和活动星系核活动、恒星反馈和银河系盘的化学富集历史产生强烈影响。

英文摘要:

Giant clumps are a characteristic feature of observed high-redshift disk galaxies. We propose that these kpc-sized clumps have a complex substructure and are the result of many smaller clumps self-organizing themselves into clump clusters (CC). This bottom-up scenario is in contrast to the common top-down view that these giant clumps form first and then sub fragment. Using a high resolution hydrodynamical simulation of an isolated, fragmented massive gas disk and mimicking the observations from Genzel et al. (2011) at $z \sim 2$, we find remarkable agreement in many details. The CCs appear as single entities of sizes $R_{\mathrm{HWHM}} \simeq 0.9-1.4$ kpc and masses $\sim 1.5-3 \times 10^9 \ \mathrm{M_{\odot}}$ representative of high-z observations. They are organized in a ring around the center of the galaxy. The origin of the observed clumps' high intrinsic velocity dispersion $σ_{\mathrm{intrinsic}} \simeq 50 - 100 \ \mathrm{km \ s^{-1}}$ is fully explained by the internal irregular motions of their substructure in our simulation. No additional energy input, e.g. via stellar feedback, is necessary. Furthermore, in agreement with observations, we find a small velocity gradient $V_{\mathrm{grad}} \simeq 8 - 27 \ \mathrm{km \ s^{-1} \ kpc^{-1}}$ along the CCs in the beam smeared velocity residual maps which corresponds to net prograde and retrograde rotation with respect to the rotation of the galactic disk. The CC scenario could have strong implications for the internal evolution, lifetimes and the migration timescales of the observed giant clumps, bulge growth and AGN activity, stellar feedback and the chemical enrichment history of galactic disks.

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