SCALES. I. 桥接 $z=1-4$ 透镜星系中的透镜团块与巨团块尺度
SCALES. I. Bridging Lensed Clump - Giant Clump Scales in Lensed Galaxies at $z=1-4$
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文提出高斯差分解方法,同时建模透镜星系中约100-300秒差距的团块和千秒差距尺度的扩展成分,发现团块恒星质量上限约10^8.5太阳质量,质量函数斜率偏高,并揭示红移依赖的探测偏差,表明团块性质在z=1-4内相似。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
在 $z>1$ 星系中,致密的恒星形成区域(通常称为“团块”)已在两种不同的望远镜分辨率条件下被研究,每种条件所引发的解释彼此矛盾。在SCALES系列(作为分层涌现结构的恒星形成团块)中,我们旨在连接不同尺度上的恒星形成结构,从透镜研究中约100秒差距的团块到未透镜巡天中约千秒差距尺度的“巨”团块。在本首篇论文中,我们提出了一种高斯差(DoG)分解方法,该方法同时建模约100-300秒差距(透镜)团块和约千秒差距尺度成分(扩展成分,即EC),这些成分共同构成了在较低分辨率下所见的巨团块。在此,EC被视为一种尺度分离的局部背景而非物理实体,吸收了所有不属于致密团块的光。将此方法应用于23个中等透镜($\mu \approx 2-9$)且光谱红移 $z_{spec} = 1-4$ 的星系,以评估团块性质(将EC和巨团块留待后续工作),我们发现它们的恒星质量上限约为 $\sim 10^{8.5}\\\\,M_{\odot}$。我们测得团块恒星质量函数斜率为 $2.19 \pm 0.06$,高于典型值,这可能反映了在大质量端的物理截断。我们还表明,团块表面密度和团块与宿主质量比随红移的经验相关性被依赖于红移的探测偏差所夸大,因此约100-300秒差距的团块在我们的红移范围($z = 1-4$)内大体相似。最后,将团块质量、大小和年龄估计与文献中类似尺度上的气体弥散测量相结合,我们认为约100秒差距的团块本身由更小尺度上的类似星团的子成分组成。
英文摘要
Dense star-forming regions in $z>1$ galaxies, often termed 'clumps', have been studied across two distinct regimes of telescope resolution, each motivating interpretations in tension with the other. In the SCALES series (Star-Forming Clumps As Layered Emergent Structures), we aim to connect star-forming structures across scales, from the $\sim100\,\mathrm{pc}$ clumps in lensed studies to the $\sim\mathrm{kpc}$-scale ''giant'' clumps in unlensed surveys. In this first paper, we present a difference-of-Gaussian (DoG) decomposition that simultaneously models $\sim100-300\,\mathrm{pc}$ (lensed) clumps and $\sim\mathrm{kpc}$-scale component (the extended component, or EC), which would together constitute the giant clumps seen at lower resolution. Here the EC is treated as a scale-separated local background rather than a physical object, absorbing all light that is not a compact clump. Applying this to 23 moderately lensed ($μ\approx 2-9$) galaxies at $z_{spec} = 1-4$ to evaluate clump properties (deferring ECs and giant clumps to the next work), we find their stellar mass to be capped at $\sim 10^{8.5}\,M_{\odot}$. We measure clump stellar mass function slope of $2.19 \pm 0.06$, which is higher than typical, and may reflect a physical truncation at the massive end. We also show that empirical correlations of clump surface densities and clump-to-host mass ratio with redshift are exaggerated by redshift-dependent detection bias, so $\sim100-300\,\mathrm{pc}$ clumps are largely co-similar across our range ($z = 1-4$). Finally, combining clump mass, size and age estimates with literature gas-dispersion measurements at similar scales, we argue that $\sim100\,\mathrm{pc}$ clumps are themselves composed of star-cluster-like sub-components at much smaller scales.
发表机构
- Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University(北京大学科维理天文与天体物理研究所)
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo(东京大学 Kavli 宇宙粒子与天体物理起源研究所(WPI)、UTIAS)
- Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon UMR5574(里昂大学、里昂第一大学、里昂高等师范学校、法国国家科学研究中心、里昂天体物理研究中心)
- Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University(北京大学物理学院天文学系)
- Département d’Astronomie, Université de Genève(日内瓦大学天文学系)
- Max-Planck-Institut fur extraterrestrische Physik(马克斯·普朗克地外物理研究所)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM(巴黎萨克雷大学、巴黎西岱大学、法国原子能和替代能源委员会、法国国家科学研究中心、天体物理学与信息实验室)
- Department of Astronomy, School of Science, The University of Tokyo(东京大学理学部天文学系)
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