Accelerator measurements of magnetically-induced radio emission from particle cascades with applications to cosmic-ray air showers
K. Belov, K. Mulrey, A. Romero-Wolf, S. A. Wissel, A. Zilles, K. Bechtol, K. Borch, P. Chen, J. Clem, P. W. Gorham, C. Hast, T. Huege, R. Hyneman, K. Jobe, K. K… 展开作者
K. Belov, K. Mulrey, A. Romero-Wolf, S. A. Wissel, A. Zilles, K. Bechtol, K. Borch, P. Chen, J. Clem, P. W. Gorham, C. Hast, T. Huege, R. Hyneman, K. Jobe, K. Kuwatani, J. Lam, T. Liu, J. Nam, C. Naudet, R. Nichol, B. F. Rauch, B. Rotter, D. Saltzberg, H. Schoorlemmer, D. Seckel, B. Strutt, A. G. Vieregg, C. Williams
For fifty years, cosmic-ray air showers have been detected by their radio emission. We present the first laboratory measurements that validate electrodynamics simulations used in air shower modeling. An experiment at SLAC provides a beam test of radio-frequency (RF) radiation from charged particle cascades in the presence of a magnetic field, a model system of a cosmic-ray air shower. This experiment provides a suite of controlled laboratory measurements to compare to particle-level simulations of RF emission, which are relied upon in ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray air shower detection. We compare simulations to data for intensity, linearity with magnetic field, angular distribution, polarization, and spectral content. In particular, we confirm modern predictions that the magnetically induced emission in a dielectric forms a cone that peaks at the Cherenkov angle and show that the simulations reproduce the data within systematic uncertainties.
CORSIKA 8: A General Framework for Particle Cascade Simulations
Technische Universität Dortmund (TU)(多特蒙德工业大学);Lamarr Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence(拉玛尔机器学习与人工智能研究所);Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)(卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院);University of Cincinnati(辛辛那提大学);Radboud University Nijmegen(奈梅亨拉德堡德大学);Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE)(圣地亚哥-德孔波斯特拉大学加利西亚高能物理研究所);Laboratoire Univers & Particules de Montpellier, CNRS & Université de Montpellier (UMR-5299)(蒙彼利埃宇宙与粒子实验室);Uppsala University(乌普萨拉大学);Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago(芝加哥大学费米物理系、恩里科·费米研究所、卡弗里宇宙物理研究所);Bergische Universität Wuppertal(伍珀塔尔山岳大学);Vrije Universiteit Brussel(布鲁塞尔自由大学);UCLouvain(天主教鲁汶大学);Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)(墨西哥国立自治大学);DALI, Univ Perpignan(佩皮尼昂大学数字艺术与信息科学实验室);LIRMM Univ Montpellier, CNRS(蒙彼利埃大学信息与多媒体研究所);University of Hawai’i at Manoa(夏威夷大学马诺阿分校);European Southern Observatory (ESO)(欧洲南方天文台);Palacký University in Olomouc(奥洛穆茨帕拉茨基大学);Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic(捷克科学院物理研究所);Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP)(粒子实验物理学与仪器实验室)
CORSIKA 8 通过现代 C++ 重构,提供模块化框架,支持单位处理、灵活几何和环境描述,验证了其物理精度,并扩展了如冰中 cross-media shower 模拟等新应用。
Artificial Neural Network as a FPGA Trigger for a Detection of Very Inclined Air Showers
中微子可以在大气层(向下的ν)或地壳(掠过地球的ν)中相互作用,产生可以用地面探测器阵列观察到的空气簇射。皮埃尔·俄歇天文台的地面探测器阵列可以探测到这些类型的级联。中微子事件的显著特征是在靠近地面的地方产生了非常倾斜的簇射(即,在穿过大量大气之后)。到目前为止,皮埃尔俄歇天文台没有发现任何中微子事件的候选者。中微子可能产生的事件发生率非常低,这对探测技术来说是一个重大挑战,需要复杂的算法和高分辨率的硬件。我们提出了一个触发器的基础上,在一个大型的FPGA实现的流水线人工神经网络(ANN),学习后,可以识别出对应于特殊类型的事件的痕迹。在MATLAB平台上开发的人工神经网络算法的结构已被实现到最大的Cyclone V E FPGA的快速逻辑中,该FPGA用于Auger-Beyond-2015工作的前端板原型。测试了几种算法,然而,Levenberg-Marquardt算法似乎是最有效的。该网络被教导:a)识别“旧”簇射(基于真实的非常倾斜的俄歇簇射(正标记)和特别是由超过阈值的时间触发的真实的标准簇射(负标记)进行学习,b)识别“新”簇射(基于模拟的“新”事件(正标记)和作为负参考的标准俄歇事件)。一个三层的神经网络被教导的真正非常倾斜的俄歇阵雨显示出良好的效率在模式识别的16点的轨迹与“老”阵雨的轮廓特征。