探测宇宙射线的雷达回波望远镜：下一代中微子天文台的探路者实验
The Radar Echo Telescope for Cosmic Rays: Pathfinder Experiment for a Next-Generation Neutrino Observatory
摘要：
宇宙射线雷达回波望远镜（RET-CR）是最近启动的一项实验，旨在通过冰内雷达探测宇宙射线引发的空气簇射的冰内级联，以实现全面的下一代实验的目标，以探测极地冰中的超高能中微子。对于初级能量大于10 PeV的宇宙射线，大约10%的空气簇射能量到达高海拔冰盖（$\gtrsim$ 2 km）的表面，集中在大约10 cm的半径内。这个穿透性的簇射核心产生了比前面的空气中的级联密度大许多数量级的冰中级联。这种密集的级联可以通过雷达回波技术检测到，其中发射的无线电被级联尾流中留下的电离沉积物反射。RET-CR将在自然界中测试雷达回波方法，用宇宙射线引发的空气簇射的冰内级联作为测试光束。我们提出了预测的事件率和灵敏度的基础上，使用CORSIKA，GEANT 4，和RadioScatter的三部分模拟。RET-CR预计每天有$\sim$ 1次雷达回波事件。
英文摘要：
The Radar Echo Telescope for Cosmic Rays (RET-CR) is a recently initiated experiment designed to detect the englacial cascade of a cosmic-ray initiated air shower via in-ice radar, toward the goal of a full-scale, next-generation experiment to detect ultra high energy neutrinos in polar ice. For cosmic rays with a primary energy greater than 10 PeV, roughly 10% of an air-shower's energy reaches the surface of a high elevation ice-sheet ($\gtrsim$2 km) concentrated into a radius of roughly 10 cm. This penetrating shower core creates an in-ice cascade many orders of magnitude more dense than the preceding in-air cascade. This dense cascade can be detected via the radar echo technique, where transmitted radio is reflected from the ionization deposit left in the wake of the cascade. RET-CR will test the radar echo method in nature, with the in-ice cascade of a cosmic-ray initiated air-shower serving as a test beam. We present the projected event rate and sensitivity based upon a three part simulation using CORSIKA, GEANT4, and RadioScatter. RET-CR expects $\sim$1 radar echo event per day.
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