切伦科夫辐射的发现及其在探测大范围空气簇射中的应用
The Discovery of Cherenkov Radiation and its use in the detection of extensive air showers
摘要：
当高能宇宙射线进入地球大气层时会产生带电粒子的级联：研究这些“广泛的空气簇射”是为了获得1014 eV以上粒子的能谱、到达方向分布和质量组成的信息，在这些信息中，使用气球或卫星携带的仪器进行直接观测变得不切实际。在电磁波谱的可见光和紫外线范围内的光的检测在这项工作中起着关键作用，涉及的两个过程是切伦科夫光的发射和荧光辐射的产生。在本文中，我将概述切伦科夫过程发现的一些历史，并描述它在地面广泛的空气簇射研究中的应用。
英文摘要：
Cascades of charged particles are created when high-energy cosmic rays enter the earth's atmosphere: these 'extensive air-showers' are studied to gain information on the energy spectrum, arrival direction distribution and mass composition of the particles above 1014 eV where direct observations using instruments carried by balloons or satellites become impractical. Detection of light in the visible and ultra-violet ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum plays a key role in this work, the two processes involved being the emission of Cherenkov light and the production of fluorescence radiation. In this paper I will outline some of the history of the discovery of the Cherenkov process and describe the use to which it has been put in the study of extensive air-showers at ground level.
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