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arXiv 0902.0185astro-ph.IM
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低能时单个空气切伦科夫望远镜能量分辨率的极限

Limits to the energy resolution of a single Air Cherenkov Telescope at low energies

Dorota Sobczynska

摘要:

地面上的光子密度是所有基于切伦科夫光测量的实验中的基本量,例如在成像空气切伦科夫望远镜(IACT)中。IACT通常并成功地用于搜索和研究甚高能(VHE)伽马射线源。在切伦科夫实验中,从初级强子(主要是质子)中分离初级光子的困难在较低的能量下变得更大。我已经计算了纵向和横向的密度分布和它们的波动,在低能量的基础上蒙特卡罗模拟(垂直伽玛级联和质子簇射),检查可能的测量上的探测器参数的影响。相对密度波动显着高于质子比光子诱导簇射。考虑到有限的探测器视场(FOV)意味着这两种类型的初级粒子的这些计算的分布的变化,并导致相对波动的放大。由于瑞利和米氏散射的吸收有影响的平均值,但不改变相对波动。切伦科夫光子的总数是更敏感的观测高度在伽马级联比质子簇射在低初级能量。在所研究的尺寸范围内(从240 m^2到960 m^2),密度的相对波动并不取决于反射体的尺寸。这意味着,一个单一的望远镜与一个镜子面积大于MAGIC望远镜不能实现更好的能量分辨率比估计和本文提出的。纵向和横向分布之间的相关性是更明显的初级伽玛射线比初级质子阵雨。

英文摘要:

The photon density on the ground is a fundamental quantity in all experiments based on Cherenkov light measurements, e.g. in the Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes (IACT). IACT's are commonly and successfully used in order to search and study Very High Energy (VHE) gamma-ray sources. Difficulties with separating primary photons from primary hadrons (mostly protons) in Cherenkov experiments become larger at lower energies. I have calculated longitudinal and lateral density distributions and their fluctuations at low energies basing on Monte Carlo simulations (for vertical gamma cascades and protonic showers) to check the influence of the detector parameters on the possible measurement. Relative density fluctuations are significantly higher in proton than in photon induced showers. Taking into account the limited detector field of view (FOV) implies the changes of these calculated distributions for both types of primary particles and causes an enlargement in relative fluctuations. Absorption due to Rayleigh and Mie scattering has an impact on mean values but does not change relative fluctuations. The total number of Cherenkov photons is more sensitive to the observation height in gamma cascades than in proton showers at low primary energies. The relative fluctuations of the density do not depend on the reflector size in the investigated size range (from 240 m^2 up to 960 m^2). This implies that a single telescope with a mirror area larger than that of the MAGIC telescope cannot achieve better energy resolution than estimated and presented in this paper. The correlations between longitudinal and lateral distributions are much more pronounced for primary gamma-ray than for primary proton showers.

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