大范围空气簇射电离尾迹中GHz频率分子韧致辐射的相干抑制
Coherent Suppression of Molecular Bremsstrahlung Radiation at GHz Frequencies in the Ionization Trail of Extensive Air Showers
摘要：
在过去的十年中，已经进行了几次探测由超高能宇宙射线引起的广泛空气簇射（EAS）的尝试，这些尝试是基于来自级联粒子通过后留在大气中的电离电子的准弹性碰撞的GHz频率的分子韧致辐射（MBR）。这些尝试只探测到了少数信号，所有这些信号都是沿着簇射轴向前的，因此暗示它们来自地磁和阿斯卡里发射，延伸到接近切伦科夫角的GHz频率。在本文中，缺乏检测的事件是由相干抑制的MBR的频率范围内低于碰撞率由于相消干涉影响之间的连续碰撞的电子的光子的发射幅度解释。在地面水平的光谱强度被证明是几个数量级低于实验装置的灵敏度。特别是，在10公里的簇射核心的光谱强度为一个垂直的簇射引起的质子的$10^{17.5}$ eV是7-8个数量级以下的参考值预期从一个标度法转换实验室测量EAS的期望。因此，MBR不能被视为未来几十年EAS新检测技术的基础。
英文摘要：
Several attempts to detect extensive air showers (EAS) induced by ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays have been conducted in the last decade based on the molecular Bremsstrahlung radiation (MBR) at GHz frequencies from quasi-elastic collisions of ionisation electrons left in the atmosphere after the passage of the cascade of particles. These attempts have led to the detection of a handful of signals only, all of them forward-directed along the shower axis and hence suggestive of originating from geomagnetic and Askaryan emissions extending into GHz frequencies close to the Cherenkov angle. In this paper, the lack of detection of events is explained by the coherent suppression of the MBR in frequency ranges below the collision rate due to the destructive interferences impacting the emission amplitude of photons between the successive collisions of the electrons. The spectral intensity at the ground level is shown to be several orders of magnitude below the sensitivity of experimental setups. In particular, the spectral intensity at 10~km from the shower core for a vertical shower induced by a proton of $10^{17.5}$ eV is 7-to-8 orders of magnitude below the reference value anticipated from a scaling law converting a laboratory measurement to EAS expectations. Consequently, the MBR cannot be seen as the basis of a new detection technique of EAS for the next decades.
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