成像大气切伦科夫望远镜探测相对论性倍像
Toward the Detection of Relativistic Image Doubling in Imaging Atmospheric Cerenkov Telescopes
摘要：
宇宙伽马射线光子入射到高层大气中，产生空气簇射，相对于空气以超光速移动到地球表面。尽管许多这些空气簇射沿着它们的轨迹保持超光速，但朝向单个成像大气切伦科夫望远镜（IACT）的簇射速度分量可能会从超光速下降到亚光速。当这种情况发生时，能够在时间和角度上解决空气簇射的IACT应该能够记录一种称为相对论性图像加倍（RID）的不寻常的光学效应。RID的逻辑是，当簇射朝向IACT的速度分量是超光速时，簇射似乎先于其自身的切伦科夫辐射，但当簇射朝向IACT的速度分量是亚光速时，簇射似乎跟随其自身的切伦科夫辐射。其结果是，IACT将看到流星雨不是从大气层的顶部开始，而是从中间开始--在流星雨路径上的径向速度分量下降到亚光速的那一点。然后，IACT将看到淋浴的图像同时上下移动。一个简单的模拟演示这种效果。RID的明确识别将确认在大气中的一种新的光学成像效应，而不是由透镜引起的，而是仅仅由相对论运动学引起的，并可能有助于相对论空气簇射的路径和速度重建的准确性。
英文摘要：
Cosmic gamma-ray photons incident on the upper atmosphere create air showers that move to the Earth's surface with superluminal speed, relative to the air. Even though many of these air showers remain superluminal all along their trajectories, the shower's velocity component toward a single Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope (IACT) may drop from superluminal to subluminal. When this happens, an IACT that is able to resolve the air shower both in time and angle should be able to document an unusual optical effect known as relativistic image doubling (RID). The logic of RID is that the shower appears to precede its own Cherenkov radiation when its speed component toward the IACT is superluminal, but appears to trail its own Cherenkov radiation when its speed component toward the IACT is subluminal. The result is that the IACT will see the shower start not at the top of the atmosphere but in the middle -- at the point along the shower's path where its radial velocity component drops to subluminal. Images of the shower would then be seen by the IACT to go both up and down simultaneously. A simple simulation demonstrating this effect is presented. Clear identification of RID would confirm in the atmosphere a novel optical imaging effect caused not by lenses but solely by relativistic kinematics, and may aid in the accuracy of path and speed reconstructions of the relativistic air shower.
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