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arXiv 1507.06299gr-qcmath-phmath.MP
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弯曲时空中的平均零能条件和量子不等式

Averaged null energy condition and quantum inequalities in curved spacetime

Eleni-Alexandra Kontou

摘要:

平均势能条件(英语:Averaged Weightenergy Condition)(ANEC)指出,应力-能量张量在测地线的切向量上的投影沿着完全零测地线的积分不能为负。ANEC可以用来排除具有奇异现象的时空,如封闭的类时曲线、超光速旅行和虫洞。我们证明了ANEC服从于一个最小耦合,自由量子标量场上的任何achronal零测地线(没有两个点可以连接一个类时曲线)所包围的管状邻域的曲率是由一个经典源。为了证明ANEC,我们使用了零投影量子不等式,它提供了量子场的重正化应力-能量张量的加权平均值可以是多负的约束。从Fewster和Smith的一般结果出发,首先导出了具有背景势的平坦时空上最小耦合标量场的类时投影量子不等式。利用这个结果,我们继续寻找量子不等式在小曲率时空中测地线上的界,在里奇张量及其导数中工作到一阶。最后一步是在一般的类时路径上导出零投影量子不等式的一个界,最后我们利用这个结果证明了小曲率时空中的非时变ANEC。

英文摘要:

The Averaged Null Energy Condition (ANEC) states that the integral along a complete null geodesic of the projection of the stress-energy tensor onto the tangent vector to the geodesic cannot be negative. ANEC can be used to rule out spacetimes with exotic phenomena, such as closed timelike curves, superluminal travel and wormholes. We prove that ANEC is obeyed by a minimally-coupled, free quantum scalar field on any achronal null geodesic (not two points can be connected with a timelike curve) surrounded by a tubular neighborhood whose curvature is produced by a classical source. To prove ANEC we use a null-projected quantum inequality, which provides constraints on how negative the weighted average of the renormalized stress-energy tensor of a quantum field can be. Starting with a general result of Fewster and Smith, we first derive a timelike projected quantum inequality for a minimally-coupled scalar field on flat spacetime with a background potential. Using that result we proceed to find the bound of a quantum inequality on a geodesic in a spacetime with small curvature, working to first order in the Ricci tensor and its derivatives. The last step is to derive a bound for the null-projected quantum inequality on a general timelike path. Finally we use that result to prove achronal ANEC in spacetimes with small curvature.

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