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arXiv 1507.05855cond-mat.stat-mech
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Fermi-Pasta-Ulam系统作为玻璃模型

The Fermi-Pasta-Ulam system as a model for glasses

Andrea Carati, Alberto Maiocchi, Luigi Galgani, Graziano Amati

摘要:

我们表明,标准的费米-Pasta-Ulam系统,与一个合适的选择粒子间的潜力,构成了一个模型的玻璃,确实是一个非常简单和易于管理的。事实上,它允许我们描述势能最小值的景观,并具体处理其中任何一个,确定频谱和正常模式。相对于给定的最小值的谐波能量$\mathcal E$起着相关的作用,即,哈密顿量关于最小值的展开直到二阶。事实上,我们发现,存在一个能量阈值在$\mathcal E$,使低于它的谐波能量$\mathcal E$似乎是一个近似的整体的运动观察时间。因此,系统保持在最小值附近,处于可称为玻璃态或玻璃态的状态。相反,对于较大的$\mathcal E$值,系统相当快地松弛到最终的平衡态。此外,我们发现玻璃态呈现出特殊的统计行为,仍然涉及到谐波能量$\mathcal E$。实际上,玻璃态由具有接近于$\mathcal E$的有效哈密顿量和具有合适的有效逆温度的吉布斯分布描述。最终的平衡态呈现出与相对于系统的完整哈密顿量的吉布斯分布非常一致的统计特性。

英文摘要:

We show that the standard Fermi--Pasta--Ulam system, with a suitable choice for the interparticle potential, constitutes a model for glasses, and indeed an extremely simple and manageable one. Indeed, it allows one to describe the landscape of the minima of the potential energy and to deal concretely with any one of them, determining the spectrum of frequencies and the normal modes. A relevant role is played by the harmonic energy $\mathcal E$ relative to a given minimum, i.e., the expansion of the Hamiltonian about the minimum up to second order. Indeed we find that there exists an energy threshold in $\mathcal E$ such that below it the harmonic energy $\mathcal E$ appears to be an approximate integral of motion for the whole observation time. Consequently, the system remains trapped near the minimum, in what may be called a vitreous or glassy state. Instead, for larger values of $\mathcal E$ the system rather quickly relaxes to a final equilibrium state. Moreover we find that the vitreous states present peculiar statistical behaviors, still involving the harmonic energy $\mathcal E$. Indeed, the vitreous states are described by a Gibbs distribution with an effective Hamiltonian close to $\mathcal E$ and with a suitable effective inverse temperature. The final equilibrium state presents instead statistical properties which are in very good agreement with the Gibbs distribution relative to the full Hamiltonian of the system.

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