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arXiv 1402.1603nlin.CDcond-mat.stat-mechmath-phmath.MPnlin.SIphysics.class-ph
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$α$ -Fermi-Pasta-Ulam系统的热化途径

A route to thermalization in the $α$-Fermi-Pasta-Ulam system

Miguel Onorato, Lara Vozella, Davide Proment, Yuri V. Lvov

摘要:

研究了由非线性二次弹簧连接的具有$N=16,32$和$64$质量的原始$α$-Fermi-Pasta-Ulam(FPU)系统.我们的方法是基于共振波-波相互作用理论,即我们假设,在弱非线性制度(费米最初感兴趣的),大时间动力学是由精确的共振。通过对$α$ -FPU运动方程的详细分析,我们发现第一非平凡共振对应于六波相互作用。这些正是导致光谱中能量热化的相互作用。我们预测,对于小振幅的随机波,这种相互作用的时间尺度是非常大的,它是$1/ε^8$的顺序,其中$ε$是系统中的小参数。波-波相互作用理论不基于任何阈值:均分是预测任意小的非线性。我们的研究结果得到了广泛的数值模拟的支持。在我们的发现中,{ \it Umklapp}(翻转)共振相互作用发挥了关键作用,这是离散系统的典型特征。对热力学极限也作了简要讨论。

英文摘要:

We study the original $α$-Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU) system with $N=16,32$ and $64$ masses connected by a nonlinear quadratic spring. Our approach is based on resonant wave-wave interaction theory, i.e. we assume that, in the weakly nonlinear regime (the one in which Fermi was originally interested), the large time dynamics is ruled by exact resonances. After a detailed analysis of the $α$-FPU equation of motion, we find that the first non trivial resonances correspond to six-wave interactions. Those are precisely the interactions responsible for the thermalization of the energy in the spectrum. We predict that for small amplitude random waves the time scale of such interactions is extremely large and it is of the order of $1/ε^8$, where $ε$ is the small parameter in the system. The wave-wave interaction theory is not based on any threshold: equipartition is predicted for arbitrary small nonlinearity. Our results are supported by extensive numerical simulations. A key role in our finding is played by the {\it Umklapp} (flip over) resonant interactions, typical of discrete systems. The thermodynamic limit is also briefly discussed.

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