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arXiv 1507.02746cs.GT
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肾脏交换游戏的低风险机制

Low-Risk Mechanisms for the Kidney Exchange Game

Hossein Esfandiari, Guy Kortsarz

摘要:

在本文中,我们考虑两两交换肾脏的对策。这种博弈自然出现在一些服务提供者从网络上的成对分配中受益的情况下,例如医院之间的肾脏交换。Ashlagi等人提出了一种解决该问题的$2$近似随机真实机制。这是在多个玩家的情况下最著名的结果。然而,我们注意到,在该机制中代理的效用的方差可能与$Ω(n^2)$一样大,这在实际应用中是不期望的。在本文中,我们解决了这个问题,通过提供一个$2$近似随机真实机制,其中每个代理的效用方差最多为$2+ε$。有趣的是,我们可以应用我们的技术来设计一个确定性机制,这样,如果代理偏离该机制,她不会获得超过$2\lceil \log_2 m\rceil$。我们称这种机制为几乎真实的机制。事实上,在实际情况下,一个几乎真实的机制可能意味着一个真实的机制。我们相信,我们的方法可以用来设计低风险或几乎真实的其他问题的机制。

英文摘要:

In this paper we consider the pairwise kidney exchange game. This game naturally appears in situations that some service providers benefit from pairwise allocations on a network, such as the kidney exchanges between hospitals. Ashlagi et al. present a $2$-approximation randomized truthful mechanism for this problem. This is the best known result in this setting with multiple players. However, we note that the variance of the utility of an agent in this mechanism may be as large as $Ω(n^2)$, which is not desirable in a real application. In this paper we resolve this issue by providing a $2$-approximation randomized truthful mechanism in which the variance of the utility of each agent is at most $2+ε$. Interestingly, we could apply our technique to design a deterministic mechanism such that, if an agent deviates from the mechanism, she does not gain more than $2\lceil \log_2 m\rceil$. We call such a mechanism an almost truthful mechanism. Indeed, in a practical scenario, an almost truthful mechanism is likely to imply a truthful mechanism. We believe that our approach can be used to design low risk or almost truthful mechanisms for other problems.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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