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arXiv 1505.04744astro-ph.SR
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主序星近地表对流的三维模拟。IV。小尺度磁通量集中对中心-边缘变化和谱线的影响

Three-dimensional simulations of near-surface convection in main-sequence stars. IV. Effect of small-scale magnetic flux concentrations on centre-to-limb variation and spectral lines

Benjamin Beeck, Manfred Schüssler, Robert H. Cameron, Ansgar Reiners

摘要:

磁场影响恒星光球层的局部结构。它们可以显著地影响光学表面附近的辐射特性、流速以及温度和压力分布。我们的目的是定性地了解小磁通量浓度在单极谱区的强度和对比度的中心到边缘的变化和冷主序星的谱线轮廓的形状的影响。我们分析了辐射热和连续强度和它的角度依赖性的24辐射磁流体动力学模拟的近表层的主序星与6个不同的恒星参数(光谱类型F早期M)和4个不同的平均磁场强度(包括非磁性的情况下)。我们还计算了三条谱线的圆盘积分轮廓。在模拟的磁运行中形成的小磁通量浓度对强度及其中心到边缘的变化具有相当大的影响。谱线不仅由于塞曼效应而展宽,而且还受到改变的晶体结构和流型的强烈影响。这种对谱线轮廓的间接磁影响通常大于塞曼效应。磁场对离开恒星的辐射的影响是相当大的,并且不限于塞曼效应引起的谱线展宽和极化。小尺度上磁场的非均匀结构及其对局部磁场结构和近地表流场的影响(和空间相关性)影响着全局场性质和恒星参数的测量。在解释观测结果时需要考虑到这些影响。

英文摘要:

Magnetic fields affect the local structure of the photosphere of stars. They can considerably influence the radiative properties near the optical surface, flow velocities, and the temperature and pressure profiles. We aim at understanding qualitatively the influence of small magnetic flux concentrations in unipolar plage regions on the centre-to-limb variation of the intensity and its contrast and on the shape of spectral line profiles in cool main-sequence stars. We analyse the bolometric and continuum intensity and its angular dependence of 24 radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the near-surface layers of main-sequence stars with six different sets of stellar parameters (spectral types F to early M) and four different average magnetic field strengths (including the non-magnetic case). We also calculated disc-integrated profiles of three spectral lines. The small magnetic flux concentrations formed in the magnetic runs of simulations have a considerable impact on the intensity and its centre-to-limb variation. Spectral lines are not only broadened owing to the Zeeman effect, but are also strongly affected by the modified thermodynamical structure and flow patterns. This indirect magnetic impact on the line profiles is often bigger than that of the Zeeman effect. The effects of the magnetic field on the radiation leaving the star can be considerable and is not restricted to spectral line broadening and polarisation by the Zeeman effect. The inhomogeneous structure of the magnetic field on small length scales and its impact on (and spatial correlation with) the local thermodynamical structure and the flow field near the surface influence the measurement of the global field properties and stellar parameters. These effects need to be taken into account in the interpretation of observations.

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