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arXiv 1909.08952astro-ph.SR
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从ALMA全圆盘太阳图象中心到边缘亮度变化

Centre to limb brightness variations from ALMA full disk solar images

Davor Sudar, Roman Brajša, Ivica Skokić, Arnold O. Benz

摘要:

阿塔卡马大型毫米-亚毫米阵列(ALMA)望远镜太阳观测的科学验证(SV)数据已向科学界公布。理解中心到肢体亮度函数对于比较全椎间盘图像中的特征是必要的。我们的目标是在两个可用的光谱带中找到经验中心到肢体的亮度函数,并创建中心到肢体亮度变化被移除的扁平图像。我们使用二阶多项式拟合的余弦的入射角的数据点作为径向距离的函数的中心的太阳圆盘。该方法还包括基于四分位距迭代去除离群值。所有可用图像的拟合函数证明能够充分描述拟合系数误差相对较小的数据。在这两个波段中,我们发现对肢体这是一个结果,在该地区的太阳大气中的径向距离的电子温度增加的增亮。这项研究发现,$T_{b}$的一个活跃的区域之间有约180 K的差异和没有边缘增亮在径向距离$\approx$ 0.75 $R_{\odot}$在频带6。我们还制作了消除了肢体增亮的扁平图像。ALMA图像中的临边增亮效应是足够显著的(对于波段3为10%,在波段6中约为15%),在进一步的分析中它不能被忽略。由于本研究中不包括旁瓣的影响,因此这些值可能代表了肢体增亮的下限。临边增亮函数的形状也可以用来约束太阳大气各层中的电子密度和温度。

英文摘要:

Science Verification (SV) data of solar observations with Atacama Large Millimeter-submillimeter Array (ALMA) telescope were released to the scientific community. Understanding the centre to limb brightness function is necessary to compare features in full disk images. Our goals are to find the empirical centre to limb brightness functions in two available spectral bands and create flattened images with centre to limb brightness variations removed. We used second-order polynomial fit of the cosine of incidence angle to data points as a function of radial distance to the centre of the solar disk. The method also includes iterative removal of outliers based on the interquartile range. Fitting functions for all available images proved to adequately describe the data with comparatively small errors in the fitting coefficients. In both bands we found brightening towards the limb which is a consequence of increase in electron temperatures with radial distance in this region of the solar atmosphere. This study found that the $T_{b}$ of an active region has about 180 K difference between with and without the limb brightening at radial distance $\approx$0.75$R_{\odot}$ in Band 6. We also made flattened images with limb brightening removed. The limb brightening effect in ALMA images is significant enough (of the order of 10% for Band 3 and about 15% in Band 6) that it can not be neglected in further analyses. Since the effect of the side lobes was not included in this study, these values probably represent the lower limit of the limb brightening. The shape of the limb brightening function can also be used to constrain electron densities and temperatures in various layers of the solar atmosphere.

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