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arXiv 2203.07151astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EP
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探测恒星差异自转和中心-边缘对流变化的最佳参数空间

Optimal parameter space for detecting stellar differential rotation and centre-to-limb convective variations

N. Roguet-Kern, H. M. Cegla, V. Bourrier

摘要:

本文的目的是研究最佳的参数空间使用重新加载Rossiter-McLaughlin技术检测差异旋转(DR)和中心到边缘的对流变化。我们模拟了一个恒星-行星系统,有和没有对流效应,以映射参数空间的最佳区域,用于检索注入的差异旋转。我们的模拟探索了所有可能的范围内的投影椭圆度(自旋轨道角),恒星倾角,和碰撞参量,以及仪器配置,恒星等,和曝光时间的差异。我们发现,DR是更容易检索在低碰撞参量,对应的系统配置中,过境行星穿越最大数量的恒星纬度。检测的主要热点(即DR可检测性高的区域)平均为$i_*<90^{\rm{o}}$的$120^{\rm{o}}<|λ|<180^{\rm{o}}$和$i_*>90^{\rm{o}}$的$|λ|<60^{\rm{o}}$,并且它们倾向于随着碰撞参量的增加而缩小。此外,与亮度的关键影响相反,我们发现曝光时间对检测DR的难度的影响可以忽略不计,因为在较长曝光时间下信噪比(S/N)的增加被降级的采样率抵消。我们确定,与HARPS的$V = 10$相比,仪器配置和灵敏度的ESPRESSO样设置可以检索高达$V = 12$的DR。我们没有得出明确的结论,肢体依赖的对流效应和可能的混淆与DR;然而,初步结果表明,在某些情况下,虽然似乎一种效果可能被误认为是其他的,拟合的准确性(特别是$α$)不支持额外的审查。

英文摘要:

The goal of this paper is to investigate the optimal parameters space for using the reloaded Rossiter-McLaughlin technique to detect differential rotation (DR) and centre-to-limb convective variations. We simulated a star-planet system with and without convective effects to map the optimal regions of the parameter space for retrieving the injected differential rotation. Our simulations explored all possible ranges of projected obliquity (spin-orbit angle), stellar inclination, and impact parameter, as well as differences in instrumental configuration, stellar magnitude, and exposure time. We find that DR is more easily retrieved at low-impact parameters, corresponding to system configurations in which the transiting planet crosses the largest number of stellar latitudes. The main hot-spots for detection (i.e. areas in which DR detectability is high) are $120^{\rm{o}}<|λ|<180^{\rm{o}}$ for $i_*<90^{\rm{o}}$ and $|λ|<60^{\rm{o}}$ for $i_*>90^{\rm{o}}$ on average, and they tend to shrink as the impact parameter increases. Additionally, in contrast to the crucial impact of brightness, we identify that exposure time has a negligible impact on the difficulty of detecting DR as the increase in signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) at longer exposure times is counteracted by the degraded sampling rate. We determine that an ESPRESSO-like setup of instrumental configuration and sensitivity might retrieve DR up to $V = 12$, compared to $V = 10$ for HARPS. We reach no clear conclusion about limb-dependent convective effects and the possible confusion with DR; preliminary results suggest, however, that under certain circumstances, while it seems that one effect could be mistaken for the other, the accuracy of the fit (in particular of $α$) does not hold up under additional scrutiny.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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