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arXiv 0907.1860astro-ph.SR
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红超巨星的辐射流体动力学模拟:I。干涉观测解译

Radiative hydrodynamics simulations of red supergiant stars: I. interpretation of interferometric observations

A. Chiavassa, B. Plez, E. Josselin, B. Freytag

摘要:

上下文有人认为红超巨星(RSG)中的对流会产生大尺度的颗粒,导致可观察到的表面不均匀性。这种对流也非常强烈,被怀疑是RSG质量损失的原因之一。因此,必须详细地理解它。虽然有证据表明RSG光球中存在不对称性,但对颗粒化的详细研究还很缺乏。干涉观测为解决这个问题提供了一个令人兴奋的可能性,但它们仍然经常使用平滑对称的边缘变暗强度分布或非常简单的斑点特设模型来解释。目标。我们探索的颗粒化的影响,能见度曲线和关闭阶段使用辐射转移代码OPTIM3D。我们同时评估如何在RSG与CO5BOLD对流的三维模拟可以测试对这些观测。方法.我们使用三维辐射流体动力学(RHD)模拟对流计算强度图在不同的波长和时间,从中我们得到干涉可见度振幅和相位。我们研究了它们随时间、位置角和波长的行为,并将它们与RSG alpha Ori结果的观测结果进行了比较。我们提供了平均边缘暗化系数的RSG。我们详细介绍了RSG颗粒(对比度,大小)的检测和表征的前景。我们证明,我们的RHD模拟提供了一个很好的适合现有的干涉观测的阿尔法奥利,相反,肢体变暗的磁盘。这证实了参宿四表面存在大型对流单体。

英文摘要:

Context. It has been suggested that convection in Red Supergiant (RSG) stars gives rise to large-scale granules causing observable surface inhomogeneities. This convection is also extremely vigorous, and suspected to be one of the causes of mass-loss in RSGs. It must thus be understood in details. Evidence has been accumulated that there are asymmetries in the photospheres of RSGs, but detailedstudies of granulation are still lacking. Interferometric observations offer an exciting possibility to tackle this question, but they are still often interpreted using smooth symmetrical limb-darkened intensity distributions, or very simple spotted ad hoc models. Aims. We explore the impact of the granulation on visibility curves and closure phases using the radiative transfer code OPTIM3D. We simultaneously assess how 3D simulations of convection in RSG with CO5BOLD can be tested against these observations. Methods. We use 3D radiative-hydrodynamics (RHD) simulations of convection to compute intensity maps at various wavelengths and time, from which we derive interferometric visibility amplitudes and phases. We study their behaviour with time, position angle, and wavelength, and compare them to observations of the RSG alpha Ori Results. We provide average limb-darkening coefficients for RSGs. We detail the prospects for the detection and characterization of granulation (contrast, size) on RSGs. We demonstrate that our RHD simulations provide an excellent fit to existing interferometric observation of alpha Ori, contrary to limb darkened disks. This confirms the existence of large convective cells on the surface of Betelgeuse.

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