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arXiv 2201.07818astro-ph.SR
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红超巨星的幕式气体流出和质量损失

Episodic Gaseous Outflows and Mass Loss from Red Supergiants

Roberta M. Humphreys, Terry J. Jones

摘要:

红超巨星VY CMa和更典型的红超巨星参宿四在它们的光学和红外成像、光谱和光变曲线中提供了清晰的观测证据,证明了离散的、定向的气体外流。在非常明亮的VY CMa中,红外亮结和团块的质量损失估计不仅主导了其测量的总质量损失,而且解释了它。在较低光度的参宿四中,其星周凝聚的类似质量估计表明,它们对测量的质量损失率有显着贡献。我们提出了新的测量这两颗恒星,并讨论了其他红超巨星的气体喷射的额外证据。气体外流是最明亮的RSG的主要质量损失机制,也是更典型的红超巨星如参宿四的重要贡献者。我们的结论是,气体外流,磁场和表面活动,相当于日冕物质抛射,是一个主要的贡献者,从红超巨星的质量损失和丢失的组件在讨论其质量损失机制。

英文摘要:

The red hypergiant VY CMa and the more typical red supergiant Betelgeuse provide clear observational evidence for discrete, directed gaseous outflows in their optical and infrared imaging, spectra, and light curves. In the very luminous VY CMa, mass loss estimates from the infrared bright knots and clumps, not only dominate its measured overall mass loss, but explain it. In the lower luminosity Betelgeuse, similar mass estimates of its circumstellar condensations show that they contribute significantly to its measured mass loss rate. We present new measurements for both stars and discuss additional evidence for gaseous ejections in other red supergiants. Gaseous outflows are the dominant mass loss mechanism for the most luminous RSGs and an important contributor to the more typical red supergiants like Betelgeuse. We conclude that gaseous outflows, related to magnetic fields and surface activity, comparable to coronal mass ejections, are a major contributor to mass loss from red supergiants and the missing component in discussions of their mass loss mechanism.

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