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arXiv 2203.08155astro-ph.HEastro-ph.SR
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II SN 2021 yja型红超巨星前身星的弱质量损失

Weak Mass Loss from the Red Supergiant Progenitor of the Type II SN 2021yja

Griffin Hosseinzadeh, Charles D. Kilpatrick, Yize Dong, David J. Sand, Jennifer E. Andrews, K. Azalee Bostroem, Daryl Janzen, Jacob E. Jencson, Michael Lundquis… 展开作者

Griffin Hosseinzadeh, Charles D. Kilpatrick, Yize Dong, David J. Sand, Jennifer E. Andrews, K. Azalee Bostroem, Daryl Janzen, Jacob E. Jencson, Michael Lundquist, Nicolas E. Meza Retamal, Jeniveve Pearson, Stefano Valenti, Samuel Wyatt, Jamison Burke, Daichi Hiramatsu, D. Andrew Howell, Curtis McCully, Megan Newsome, Estefania Padilla Gonzalez, Craig Pellegrino, Giacomo Terreran, Katie Auchettl, Kyle W. Davis, Ryan J. Foley, Hao-Yu Miao, Yen-Chen Pan, Armin Rest, Matthew R. Siebert, Kirsty Taggart, Brad E. Tucker, Feng Lin Cyrus Leung, Jonathan J. Swift, Grace Yang, Joseph P. Anderson, Chris Ashall, Stefano Benetti, Peter J. Brown, Régis Cartier, Ting-Wan Chen, Massimo Della Valle, Lluís Galbany, Sebastian Gomez, Mariusz Gromadzki, Joshua Haislip, Eric Y. Hsiao, Cosimo Inserra, Saurabh W. Jha, Thomas L. Killestein, Vladimir Kouprianov, Alexandra Kozyreva, Tomás E. Müller-Bravo, Matt Nicholl, Emmy Paraskeva, Daniel E. Reichart, Stuart Ryder, Melissa Shahbandeh, Ben Shappee, Nathan Smith, David R. Young

摘要:

我们提供了附近($D\approx23$ Mpc)II型超新星(SN)2021 yja的高节奏光学,紫外(UV)和近红外数据。许多II型超新星在爆炸后的最初几天内都表现出与星周物质(CSM)相互作用的迹象,这意味着它们的红超巨星(RSG)祖先经历了偶发性或爆发性的质量损失。然而,由于难以早期发现SNe,所以RSG中CSM配置的多样性尚未完全映射。SN 2021 yja在爆炸后的${\approx}5.4$小时内首次被发现,显示出CSM相互作用的一些特征(高紫外光度,无线电和X射线发射),但没有狭窄的发射线或早期的光曲线峰值。在这里,我们分析了密集采样的早期光变曲线和光谱系列,这附近的SN推断其祖先和CSM的属性。我们发现,最有可能的祖先是一个RSG与扩展信封,低密度CSM包围。我们还提出了档案哈勃太空望远镜成像的SN 2021 yja的宿主星系,这使我们能够把一个严格的上限${\lesssim}9\ M_\odot$的祖质量。然而,这与SN演化的某些方面存在矛盾,这些方面指向一个更大的祖先。我们的分析强调,需要考虑祖结构时,作出推论CSM属性,CSM示踪剂的全面看法,应提供一个更全面的看法,过去几年的RSG的演变。

英文摘要:

We present high-cadence optical, ultraviolet (UV), and near-infrared data of the nearby ($D\approx23$ Mpc) Type II supernova (SN) 2021yja. Many Type II SNe show signs of interaction with circumstellar material (CSM) during the first few days after explosion, implying that their red supergiant (RSG) progenitors experience episodic or eruptive mass loss. However, because it is difficult to discover SNe early, the diversity of CSM configurations in RSGs has not been fully mapped. SN 2021yja, first detected within ${\approx}5.4$ hours of explosion, shows some signatures of CSM interaction (high UV luminosity, radio and x-ray emission) but without the narrow emission lines or early light curve peak that can accompany CSM. Here we analyze the densely sampled early light curve and spectral series of this nearby SN to infer the properties of its progenitor and CSM. We find that the most likely progenitor was an RSG with an extended envelope, encompassed by low-density CSM. We also present archival Hubble Space Telescope imaging of the host galaxy of SN 2021yja, which allows us to place a stringent upper limit of ${\lesssim}9\ M_\odot$ on the progenitor mass. However, this is in tension with some aspects of the SN evolution, which point to a more massive progenitor. Our analysis highlights the need to consider progenitor structure when making inferences about CSM properties, and that a comprehensive view of CSM tracers should be made to give a fuller view of the last years of RSG evolution.

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