arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1504.07598astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EP
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太阳双星中元素的高精度丰度:恒星年龄和元素凝聚温度的趋势

High-precision abundances of elements in solar twin stars: Trends with stellar age and elemental condensation temperature

Poul E. Nissen

摘要:

用21颗太阳双星的S/N > 600的HARPS光谱测定了C、O、Na、Mg、Al、Si、S、Ca、Ti、Cr、Fe、Ni、Zn和Y的非常精确(σ ~ 0.01 dex)的微分丰度,以了解[X/Fe]与元素凝聚温度Tc的相关程度。此外,通过在logg-Teff图上的Yonsei-Yale等时线之间进行插值,得到了精确的(σ < 0.8 Gyr)恒星年龄。太阳中难熔元素和挥发性元素的比值比大多数太阳孪星中的要低,但对于许多恒星,[X/Fe]和Tc之间的关系还没有很好的定义。相反,对于几种元素,[X/Fe]与恒星年龄之间存在惊人的紧密相关性,在8 Gyr的年龄间隔内振幅高达0.2 dex,而[Fe/H]与年龄之间缺乏相关性。当[Mg/Fe]随年龄增加时,s-过程元素钇表现出相反的行为,因此[Y/Mg]可用作星系演化的灵敏计时器。[Na[Ni/Fe]和[Ni/Fe]与恒星年龄的相关性不好,但定义了一个紧密的Ni-Na关系,类似于以前发现的更贫金属的恒星。这些结果为超新星产额和星系演化提供了新的限制。此外,还发现C/O比随时间的变化很小,这对讨论系外行星的组成很有意义。

英文摘要:

HARPS spectra with S/N > 600 for 21 solar twin stars are used to determine very precise (sigma ~ 0.01 dex) differential abundances of C, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, Ca, Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn, and Y in order to see how well [X/Fe] is correlated with elemental condensation temperature, Tc. In addition, precise (sigma < 0.8 Gyr) stellar ages are obtained by interpolating between Yonsei-Yale isochrones in the logg - Teff diagram. It is confirmed that the ratio between refractory and volatile elements is lower in the Sun than in most of the solar twins, but for many stars, the relation between [X/Fe] and Tc is not well defined. For several elements there is, instead, an astonishingly tight correlation between [X/Fe] and stellar age with amplitudes up to 0.2 dex over an age interval of 8 Gyr in contrast to the lack of correlation between [Fe/H] and age. While [Mg/Fe] increases with age, the s-process element yttrium shows the opposite behavior so that [Y/Mg] can be used as a sensitive chronometer for Galactic evolution. [Na/Fe] and [Ni/Fe] are not well correlated with stellar age, but define a tight Ni-Na relation similar to that previously found for more metal-poor stars. These results provide new constraints on supernovae yields and Galactic evolution. Furthermore, it is found that the C/O ratio evolves very little with time, which is of interest for discussions of the composition of exoplanets.

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