孪生系统中最大的金属丰度差异：基准双星 Krios 与 Kronos 的高精度丰度分析
The largest metallicity difference in twin systems: high-precision abundance analysis of the benchmark pair Krios & Kronos
AI总结：
本文对双星 Krios–Kronos 进行高精度差分丰度分析，测得约0.230 dex金属丰度差及Li、难熔元素增强，认为行星吞噬可解释但未排除其他成因。
摘要：
目的。我们对引人注目的双星系统 HD 240429/30（分别为 Krios 和 Kronos）进行高精度差分丰度分析；在迄今发现的成员相似的系统中，其金属丰度差异属于最高之一（约 0.20 dex）。我们开展了凝聚温度 TC 趋势研究，以寻找行星形成可能留下的化学特征。此外，还提出了其他可能情景来解释这种差异。方法。利用最新版本的 FUNDPAR 代码，并采用高分辨率 MAROON-X 光谱，计算了基本大气参数（Teff、log g、[Fe/H]、vturb）。我们应用完整的逐线差分技术，借助非太阳缩放不透明度，通过等效宽度和光谱合成测量两颗恒星中 26 种元素的丰度。结果。我们发现金属丰度差异约为 0.230 dex，其中 Kronos 比 Krios 更富金属。分析包括考察扩散效应和原初化学差异，结论是该双星系统中观测到的化学差异不能仅归因于这些过程中的任何一种。结果还显示，Kronos 的 Li 明显过剩约 0.56 dex，并且相对于 Krios 表现出难熔元素增强。我们利用 TESS 数据进行了测光研究，未发现两颗恒星周围存在可能凌日行星的任何信号。本文还探讨了若干可能的行星形成情景，以解释 Kronos 中观测到的金属和锂过剩。考虑到吞噬约 27.8 M_Earth 的异常大质量，行星吞噬是一种合理解释，但没有任何情景被明确排除。
英文摘要：
Aims.We conduct a high-precision differential abundance analysis of the remarkable binary system HD 240429/30 (Krios and Kronos, respectively), whose difference in metallicity is one of the highest detected in systems with similar components to date (approximately 0.20 dex). A condensation temperature TC trend study was performed to search for possible chemical signatures of planet formation. In addition, other potential scenarios have been proposed to explain this disparity. Methods. Fundamental atmospheric parameters (Te f f , log g, [Fe/H], vturb) were calculated using the latest version of the FUNDPAR code employing high resolution MAROON-X spectra. We applied a full line-by-line differential technique to measure the abundances of 26 elements in both stars with equivalent widths and spectral synthesis taking advantage of the non-solar scaled opacities. Results.We found a difference in metallicity of approximately 0.230 dex, being Kronos more metal rich than Krios. The analysis encompassed the examination of the diffusion effect and primordial chemical differences, concluding that the observed chemical discrepancies in the binary system cannot be solely attributed to any of these processes. The results also shown a noticeable excess of Li by approximately 0.56 dex in Kronos, and an enhancement of refractories with respect to Krios. A photometric study with TESS data was carried out, without finding any signal of possible transiting planets around the stars. Several potential planet formation scenarios were also explored to account for the observed excess in both metallicity and lithium in Kronos. Planetary engulfment is a plausible explanation, considering the ingestion of an exceptionally large mass, approximately approximately 27.8M_Earth, but no scenario is definitively ruled out.
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