在太阳类似物的化学成分中陆地行星形成的一个可能的标志
A possible signature of terrestrial planet formation in the chemical composition of solar analogs
摘要：
最近的研究表明，与大多数（约85%）邻近的太阳双星相比，太阳的元素丰度是异常的。与它的孪生子相比，太阳表现出相对于挥发物（Tc<900 K）缺乏难熔元素（那些冷凝温度Tc> 900 K的元素）。这一发现被推测是行星形成的一个标志，与大多数太阳双胞胎相比，太阳周围的行星形成效率更高。此外，在这种情况下，发现的丰度模式似乎更有可能与类地行星的形成有关。在这项工作中，我们分析了丰富的结果，从六个大型独立的恒星丰度调查，以确定他们是否确认或拒绝这一观测结果。我们发现，在这六项研究中，太阳类似物的元素丰度与建议作为行星形成签名的Tc趋势一致。当这些结果被不均匀地平均时，得出相同的结论。我们还研究了丰度与第一电离势（FIP）的依赖关系，这与Tc相关。与FIP的趋势将表明一个不同的起源的丰度模式发现，但我们表明，与Tc的相关性是统计上更显着。我们鼓励对富含金属的太阳类似物和晚期F型矮星进行类似的研究，对于这些恒星，元素丰度中的行星形成签名的假设做出了非常具体的预测。最后，我们研究了最近的一篇论文，该论文声称，两颗拥有超级地球般行星的恒星的丰度模式与行星形成签名假设相矛盾。相反，我们发现这两颗恒星的化学成分与我们的假设完全一致。
英文摘要：
Recent studies have shown that the elemental abundances in the Sun are anomalous when compared to most (about 85%) nearby solar twin stars. Compared to its twins, the Sun exhibits a deficiency of refractory elements (those with condensation temperatures Tc>900K) relative to volatiles (Tc<900K). This finding is speculated to be a signature of the planet formation that occurred more efficiently around the Sun compared with the majority of solar twins. Furthermore, within this scenario, it seems more likely that the abundance patterns found are specifically related to the formation of terrestrial planets. In this work we analyze abundance results from six large independent stellar abundance surveys to determine whether they confirm or reject this observational finding. We show that the elemental abundances derived for solar analogs in these six studies are consistent with the Tc trend suggested as a planet formation signature. The same conclusion is reached when those results are averaged heterogeneously. We also investigate the dependency of the abundances with first ionization potential (FIP), which correlates well with Tc. A trend with FIP would suggest a different origin for the abundance patterns found, but we show that the correlation with Tc is statistically more significant. We encourage similar investigations of metal-rich solar analogs and late F-type dwarf stars, for which the hypothesis of a planet formation signature in the elemental abundances makes very specific predictions. Finally, we examine a recent paper that claims that the abundance patterns of two stars hosting super-Earth like planets contradict the planet formation signature hypothesis. Instead, we find that the chemical compositions of these two stars are fully compatible with our hypothesis.
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