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arXiv 1504.04717astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EP
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用蒙特卡罗模拟研究年轻低质量恒星的自转演化

Investigating the rotational evolution of young, low mass stars using Monte Carlo simulations

M. J. Vasconcelos, J. Bouvier

摘要:

我们通过蒙特卡罗模拟研究了年轻恒星的自转演化。我们模拟了280,000颗恒星,每个恒星都被分配了质量,旋转周期和质量吸积率。质量吸积率取决于质量和时间,分别遵循幂律指数1.4和-1.5。定义了一个依赖于质量的吸积阈值,低于该阈值的恒星被认为是无盘的,这导致了与观测结果相匹配的盘寿命分布。恒星在吸积时以恒定的角旋转速率演化,而当它们变成无盘时则以恒定的角动量演化。我们恢复双峰周期分布在几个年轻的集群。短周期峰主要由无盘星组成,长周期峰主要由吸积星组成。这两种分布都呈现出长周期的长尾,并且在所有年龄都观察到缓慢旋转的无盘恒星。我们重现所观察到的磁盘分数和自旋速率之间的相关性,以及IR过剩和旋转周期之间。周期质量关系,我们从模拟中得到的表现出相同的全球趋势,在年轻的集群中观察到的,只有当我们释放的磁盘锁定假设的最低质量的恒星。我们发现,中位比角动量的时间演化遵循幂律指数为-0.65吸积星和-0.53无盘星,一个较浅的斜率,从广泛分布的磁盘寿命。使用观测记录的磁盘寿命,质量吸积率,和初始旋转周期的分布,并从1到12百万年的初始人口的发展,我们再现的主要特征的前主序星角动量演化,这支持磁盘锁定假说。(节略)

英文摘要:

We investigate the rotational evolution of young stars through Monte Carlo simulations. We simulate 280,000 stars, each of which is assigned a mass, a rotational period, and a mass accretion rate. The mass accretion rate depends on mass and time, following power-laws indices 1.4 and -1.5, respectively. A mass-dependent accretion threshold is defined below which a star is considered as diskless, which results in a distribution of disk lifetimes that matches observations. Stars are evolved at constant angular spin rate while accreting and at constant angular momentum when they become diskless. We recover the bimodal period distribution seen in several young clusters. The short period peak consists mostly of diskless stars and the long period one is mainly populated by accreting stars. Both distributions present a long tail towards long periods and a population of slowly rotating diskless stars is observed at all ages. We reproduce the observed correlations between disk fraction and spin rate, as well as between IR excess and rotational period. The period-mass relation we derive from the simulations exhibits the same global trend as observed in young clusters only if we release the disk locking assumption for the lowest mass stars. We find that the time evolution of median specific angular momentum follows a power law index of -0.65 for accreting stars and of -0.53 for diskless stars, a shallower slope that results from a wide distribution of disk lifetimes. Using observationally-documented distributions of disk lifetimes, mass accretion rates, and initial rotation periods, and evolving an initial population from 1 to 12 Myr, we reproduce the main characteristics of pre-main sequence angular momentum evolution, which supports the disk locking hypothesis. (abridged)

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