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arXiv 2401.14747astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EP
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基于数据驱动三维风模型的年轻至年老恒星的旋转演化

Rotational evolution of young-to-old stars with data-driven three-dimensional wind models

D. Evensberget, A. A. Vidotto

AI总结:

该研究提出由阿尔文波驱动的数据驱动三维恒星风模型,复现了类太阳恒星0.6 Gyr前的宽自转速率分布与之后的Skumanich自转减慢规律,揭示其源于快速自转恒星的磁场强度饱和效应。

摘要:

类太阳恒星形成时具有很宽的自转速率范围,该宽范围会一直持续到恒星年龄为0.6 Gyr时,此后类太阳恒星会呈现Skumanich自转减慢规律。包含多方恒星风的旋转演化模型难以同时复现这两种演化阶段——即初始的宽自转速率范围,以及无需对风质量损失率施加先验上限的Skumanich自转减慢阶段。我们证明,由阿尔文波(Alfvén waves)驱动并结合观测数据的三维风模型得到的风力矩,与观测到的自转速率年龄分布相符。我们对太阳以及27颗年龄在0.04到0.6 Gyr之间的疏散星团恒星(均有观测推导的表面磁图和自转速率)开展建模,发现快速自转的年轻恒星存在指数式自转减慢的证据,而慢速自转恒星则呈现Skumanich自转减慢规律。这两种自转减慢阶段均从我们的数据驱动模型中自然涌现。我们的建模表明,观测到的恒星自转速率年龄分布是快速自转恒星磁场强度饱和的结果。

英文摘要:

Solar-type stars form with a wide range of rotation rates. A wide range persists until a stellar age of 0.6 Gyr, after which solar-type stars exhibit Skumanich spin-down. Rotational evolution models incorporating polytropic stellar winds struggle to simultaneously reproduce these two regimes, namely the initially wide range and the Skumanich spin-down without imposing an a-priori cap on the wind mass-loss rate. We show that a three-dimensional wind model driven by Alfvén waves and observational data yields wind torques that agree with the observed age distribution of rotation rates. In our models of the Sun and twenty-seven open cluster stars aged from 0.04 to 0.6 Gyr that have observationally derived surface magnetic maps and rotation rates, we find evidence of exponential spin-down in young stars that are rapid rotators and Skumanich spin-down for slow rotators. The two spin-down regimes emerge naturally from our data-driven models. Our modelling suggests that the observed age distribution of stellar rotation rates arises as a consequence of magnetic field strength saturation in rapid rotators.

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