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arXiv 1905.03359astro-ph.SR
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在NGC 346大质量恒星的普查。恒星参数和自转速度

A census of massive stars in NGC 346. Stellar parameters and rotational velocities

P. L. Dufton, C. J. Evans, I. Hunter, D. J. Lennon, F. R. N. Schneider

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Accepted by A&A
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摘要：

对小麦哲伦星云中年轻星团NGC 346的247颗恒星的光谱与大质量恒星VLT火焰巡天的116个目标的光谱进行了综合。光谱分类产生了47个O型和287个B型光谱的样本，而径向速度变化和/或光谱多重性已被用来确定45个候选单线系统，17个双线系统，和一个三线系统。大气参数（T $_eff$和log $g$）和预计的旋转速度（$v_e$ sin $i$）已估计使用TLUSTY模式大气;独立的估计$v_e$ sin $i$也获得使用傅立叶变换方法。光度已经从恒星视星等推断出来，并与T $_eff$和$v_e$ sin $i$估计一起使用，以使用BONSAI软件包约束恒星质量和年龄。我们发现，NGC 346内部区域的目标具有更高的中值质量和预计的旋转速度，以及更小的中值年龄比样本的其余部分。似乎有一群年龄小于200万年的非常年轻的目标，据推测它们都是在星团内形成的。发现更大质量的靶具有更低的$v_e$ sin $i$，与先前的研究一致。没有发现显着的证据与金属丰度的早期型恒星的恒星旋转速度的差异，虽然在SMC的目标可能会比那些在年轻的星系团旋转得更快。对单个非超巨星B型星的自转速度分布进行了推断，并暗示有相当数量的恒星具有低自转速度（$\simeq$ 10%，$v_e$ <40 km/s），同时在概率分布中有一个峰值在$v_e \simeq$ 300 km/s。对于我们的Be型样本，已经发现了更大的预计旋转速度估计值，这意味着大多数的旋转速度在200-450 km/s之间。

英文摘要：

Spectroscopy for 247 stars towards the young cluster NGC 346 in the Small Magellanic Cloud has been combined with that for 116 targets from the VLT-FLAMES Survey of Massive Stars. Spectral classification yields a sample of 47 O-type and 287 B-type spectra, while radial-velocity variations and/or spectral multiplicity have been used to identify 45 candidate single-lined systems, 17 double-lined systems, and one triple-lined system. Atmospheric parameters (T$_eff$ and log$g$) and projected rotational velocities ($v_e$sin$i$) have been estimated using TLUSTY model atmospheres; independent estimates of $v_e$sin$i$ were also obtained using a Fourier Transform method. Luminosities have been inferred from stellar apparent magnitudes and used in conjunction with the T$_eff$ and $v_e$sin$i$ estimates to constrain stellar masses and ages using the BONNSAI package. We find that targets towards the inner region of NGC 346 have higher median masses and projected rotational velocities, together with smaller median ages than the rest of the sample. There appears to be a population of very young targets with ages of less than 2 Myr, which have presumably all formed within the cluster. The more massive targets are found to have lower $v_e$sin$i$ consistent with previous studies. No significant evidence is found for differences with metallicity in the stellar rotational velocities of early-type stars, although the targets in the SMC may rotate faster than those in young Galactic clusters. The rotational velocity distribution for single non-supergiant B-type stars is inferred and implies that a significant number have low rotational velocity ($\simeq$10\% with $v_e$<40 km/s), together with a peak in the probability distribution at $v_e \simeq$300 km/s. Larger projected rotational velocity estimates have been found for our Be-type sample and imply that most have rotational velocities between 200-450 km/s.

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