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arXiv 1504.02560cond-mat.quant-gashep-latnucl-th
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近幺正稀费米气体的理想流体行为

Perfect-fluid behavior of a dilute Fermi gas near unitary

Gabriel Wlazłowski, Wei Quan, Aurel Bulgac

摘要:

在有限温度量子Monte Carlo(QMC)框架下,采用Kubo线性响应方法,对两组分非极化费米气体在幺正极限附近的剪切粘度随相互作用强度的变化进行了从头计算.当我们从费什巴赫共振的Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer侧向玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚极限调节相互作用强度1/ak_F时,剪切粘度降低,并且它获得了约0.4的最小值1/ak_F,其中最小值(eta/s)_min约0.2 hbar/k_B,这比在夸克-胶子等离子体实验中报道的值(eta/s)_QGP小于0.4 hbar/k_B的两倍小。因此,接近幺正性的费米气体成为迄今为止在自然界中观察到的最“完美的流体”。接近幺正性的稀释费米气体云表现出一种不同寻常的属性,即对于目前在实验室中实现的或更大的尺寸(小于10^9个原子),可以在临界温度以下维持量子湍流,但同时经典湍流在正常相中被抑制。

英文摘要:

We present an ab initio calculation of the shear viscosity as a function of interaction strength in a two-component unpolarized Fermi gas near the unitary limit, within a finite temperature quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) framework and using the Kubo linear-response formalism. The shear viscosity decreases as we tune the interaction strength 1/ak_F from the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer side of the Feshbach resonance towards Bose-Einstein condensation limit and it acquires the smallest value for 1/ak_F approx 0.4, with a minimum value of (eta/s)_min approx 0.2 hbar/k_B, which is about twice as small as the value reported for experiments in quark-gluon plasma (eta/s)_QGP lesssim 0.4 hbar/k_B. The Fermi gas near unitarity thus emerges as the most "perfect fluid" observed so far in nature. The clouds of dilute Fermi gas near unitarity exhibit the unusual attribute that, for the sizes realized so far in the laboratory or larger (less than 10^9 atoms), can sustain quantum turbulence below the critical temperature, but at the same time the classical turbulence is suppressed in the normal phase.

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