Real rational surfaces
Frederic Mangolte
本文综述实有理曲面的拓扑与双有理几何研究成果，涵盖其分类与结构性质。
我们综述了实有理曲面的一些结果，重点关注其拓扑和双有理几何。
We survey some results on real rational surfaces focused on their topology and their birational geometry.
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For sufficiently ample linear systems on rational surfaces we show that a very general associated Brauer-Severi surface bundle is not stably rational.
Rationality of Brauer-Severi surface bundles over rational 3-folds
本文研究有理三维流形上Brauer-Severi曲面丛的稳定有理性问题，给出了其不是稳定有理的一个充分条件，并通过具体例子和构造一族一般成员光滑且非稳定有理的曲面丛加以验证。
We discuss the strong rational connectedness of smooth rationally connected surfaces. We prove in lots of cases, including the smooth locus of a log del Pezzo surface, the rational connectedness indeed implies the strong rational conectedness. This confirms a conjecture due to Hassett and Tschinkel in \cite{ht08}.
Consider the scheme parametrizing non-constant morphisms from a fixed projective curve to a projective surface. There is a rational map between this scheme and the Chow variety of $1$-cycles on the surface. We prove that, if the curve is non-singular, then this rational map is a morphism. As a consequence, we obtain that, if the surface is rational and we fix a divisor class containing a non-singular rational curve, then the scheme parametrizing rational curves on this class is irreducible. Further, if the class has non-negative self-intersection, then the scheme of rational curves has expecte…
In this paper, we show that the Bäcklund transformations of Painlevé equations come from birational maps of rational surfaces constructed by Okamoto as the spaces of initial conditions. The simultaneous resolutions of rational double points of the families of rational surfaces give rise to flops which are origins of symmetry groups of Painlevé equation. Moreover we point out that Kodaira--Spencer theory of deformations of rational surfaces explains a geomrtric meaning of Painlevé equations.
We consider K3 surfaces which are double cover of rational elliptic surfaces. The former are endowed with a natural elliptic fibration, which is induced by the latter. There are also other elliptic fibrations on such K3 surfaces, which are necessarily induced by special linear systems on the rational elliptic surfaces. We describe these linear systems. In particular, we observe that every conic bundle on the rational surface induces a genus 1 fibration on the K3 surface and we classify the singular fibers of the genus 1 fibration on the K3 surface it terms of singular fibers and special curves…
We provide a real analog of the Yau-Zaslow formula counting rational curves on $K3$ surfaces.
We proved the existence of rational curves in every linear system on a general K3 surface and that all rational curves in the hyperplane class are nodal on a general K3 surface of small genus.
We classify all complex surfaces with quotient singularities that do not contain any smooth rational curves, under the assumption that the canonical divisor of the surface is not pseudo-effective. As a corollary we show that if $X$ is a log del Pezzo surface such that for every closed point $p\in X$, there is a smooth curve (locally analytically) passing through $p$, then $X$ contains at least one smooth rational curve.
$G$-solid Rational Surfaces
本文在复数域上分类了 $G$-solid 有理曲面，给出了完整的分类结果。
We discuss the rational points on del Pezzo surface of degree 1 and 2 over any finite field $\mathbb F_q$, and give out the explicit equations of del Pezzo surfaces that have unique rational point.
We prove that a very general projective K3 surface does not admit a dominant self rational map of degree at least two.
We proved that every rational curves in the primitive class of a general K3 surface of any genus is nodal.
We answer a question of Ciro Ciliberto about cylinders in rational surfaces which are obtained by blowing up the plane at points in general position.
We prove that the Kawamata-Viehweg vanishing theorem holds on rational surfaces in positive characteristic by means of the lifting property to W_2(k) of certain log pairs on smooth rational surfaces. As a corollary, the Kawamata-Viehweg vanishing theorem holds on log del Pezzo surfaces in positive characteristic.
We classify Galois actions on Picard lattices of del Pezzo surfaces of degrees 1,2, and 3 giving rise to minimal surfaces with no cohomological obstructions to stable rationality.
In this paper, we compare the moduli spaces of rank-3 vector bundles stable with respect to different ample divisors over rational ruled surfaces. We also discuss the irreducibility, unirationality, and rationality of these moduli spaces.
We study the distribution of algebraic points on K3 surfaces.
We show that over any algebraically closed field of positive characteristic, there exists a smooth rational surface which violates Kawamata-Viehweg vanishing.
We give examples of non-isotrivial K3 surfaces over complex function fields with Zariski-dense rational points and N'eron-Severi rank one.
We define a categorical birational invariant for minimal geometrically rational surfaces with a conic bundle structure over a perfect field via components of a natural semiorthogonal decomposition. Together with the similar known result on del Pezzo surfaces, this provides a categorical birational invariant for geometrically rational surfaces.
Approximating curves on real rational surfaces
本文给出实有理曲面上简单闭曲线可被光滑有理曲线逼近的拓扑充要条件，并研究了给定复自交数的逼近问题。
We study the dominant rational maps from a general surface in P^{3} to surfaces of general type. We prove restrictions on the target surfaces, and special properties of the rational maps. We show that for a small degree the general surface has no such map. Moreover a slight improvement of a result of Catanese, on the number of moduli of a surface of general type, is also obtained.
We prove that the Hilbert scheme of points on a normal quasi-projective surface with at worst rational double point singularities is irreducible.
We prove that the spaces of rational curves on del Pezzo surfaces are either irreducible or empty, with a unique exception.
We classify webs of minimal degree rational curves on surfaces and give a criterion for webs being hexagonal. In addition, we classify Neron-Severi lattices of real weak del Pezzo surfaces. These two classifications are related to root subsystems of E8.
We give explicit blowups of the projective plane in positive characteristic that contain smooth rational curves of arbitrarily negative self-intersection, showing that the Bounded Negativity Conjecture fails even for rational surfaces in positive characteristic.
Let X be a smooth complex projective surface. We prove that for any sufficiently big m there exists a rational dominant map f from X into a complex rational ruled surface Y, such that f is generically finite of degree m and has monodromy the alternating group Am.
Given a curve C on a projective nonsingular rational surface S, over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, we are interested in the set Omega_C of linear systems Lambda on S satisfying C is in Lambda, dim Lambda > 0, and the general member of Lambda is a rational curve. The main result of the paper gives a complete description of Omega_C and, in particular, characterizes the curves C for which Omega_C is non empty.
We classify, up to some lattice-theoretic equivalence, all possible configurations of rational double points that can appear on a surface whose minimal resolution is a complex Enriques surface.
A smooth complex rational affine surface with uncountably many real forms
本文构造了一个光滑复有理仿射曲面，证明其具有不可数多个互不同构的实形式，揭示了实代数几何中实形式的丰富性与复杂性。
For any positive integer $r$, we construct a smooth complex projective rational surface which has at least $r$ real forms not isomorphic over $\mathbb{R}$.
In this paper, we check that Fano schemes of lines on certain rational cubic fourfolds are birational to Hilbert schemes of two points on K3 surfaces.
The ruled surfaces, i.e., surfaces generated by one parametric set of lines, are widely used in the~field of applied geometry. An~isophote on a surface is a curve consisting of surface points whose normals form a constant angle with some fixed vector. Choosing an angle equal to $π/2$ we obtain a special instance of a~isophote -- the so called contour curve. While contours on rational ruled surfaces are rational curves, this is no longer true for the isophotes. Hence we will provide a formula for their genus. Moreover we will show that the only surfaces with a~rational generic contour are just …
A general strategy is given for the classification of graphs of rational surface singularities. For each maximal rational double point configuration we investigate the possible multiplicities in the fundamental cycle. We classify completely certain types of graphs. This allows to extend the classification of rational singularities to multiplicity 8. We also discuss the complexity of rational resolution graphs.
We develop a mixed-characteristic version of the Mori-Mukai technique for producing rational curves on K3 surfaces. We reduce modulo p, produce rational curves on the resulting K3 surface over a finite field, and lift to characteristic zero. As an application, we prove that all complex K3 surfaces with Picard group generated by a class of degree two have an infinite number of rational curves.
Comessatti proved that the set of real points of a rational real algebraic surface is either a nonorientable surface, or the two-sphere, or the torus. Conversely, it is easy to see that all of these surfaces admit a rational real algebraic model. We prove that they admit exactly one rational real algebraic model. This was known earlier only for the two-sphere, torus, projective plane and the Klein bottle.
We prove that the moduli spaces of K3 surfaces with non-symplectic involution are rational for four deformation types. With the previous results, this establishes the rationality of those moduli spaces except two classical cases.
We show that the number of generators of the n-th cotangent cohomology group (n >=2) is the same for all rational surface singularities Y. For a large class of rational surface singularities, including quotient singularities, this number is also the dimension. For them we obtain an explicit formula for the corresponding Poincare series.
We investigate configurations of rational double points with the total Milnor number 21 on supersingular $K3$ surfaces. The complete list of possible configurations is given. As an application, we also give the complete list of extremal (quasi-)elliptic fibrations on supersingular $K3$ surfaces.
We discuss some relations of moduli of sheaves on rational surfaces by using universal extensions. These are a generalization of Maruyama's method to construct Uhlenbeck compactification of moduli of vector bundles.
The purpose of this article is to shed light on the question of how many and what kind of cusps a rational cuspidal curve on a Hirzebruch surface can have. We use birational transformations to construct rational cuspidal curves with four cusps on the Hirzebruch surfaces and find associated results for these curves.
We give the first evidence for a conjecture that a general, index-one, Fano hypersurface is not unirational: (i) a general point of the hypersurface is contained in no rational surface ruled, roughly, by low-degree rational curves, and (ii) a general point is contained in no image of a Del Pezzo surface.
We study K3 surfaces over non-closed fields and relate the notion of derived equivalence to arithmetic problems.
We prove that the redundant blow-up preserves the finite generation of the Cox ring of a rational surface under a suitable assumption, and we study the birational structure of Mori dream rational surfaces via redundant blow-ups. It turns out that the redundant blow-up completely characterizes birational morphisms of Mori dream rational surfaces with anticanonical Iitaka dimension $0$. As an application, we construct new Mori dream rational surfaces with anticanonical Iitaka dimension $0$ and $-\infty$ of arbitrarily large Picard number.
Let X be a smooth rational surface. We calculate a DG quiver of a full exceptional collection of line bundles on X obtained by an augmentation from a strong exceptional collection on the minimal model of X. In particular, we calculate canonical DG algebras of smooth toric surfaces.
We construct a smooth complex projective rational surface with infinitely many mutually non-isomorphic real forms. This gives the first definite answer to a long standing open question if a smooth complex projective rational surface has only finitely many non-isomorphic real forms or not.
We completely classify redundant blow-ups appearing in the theory of rational surfaces with big anticanonical divisor due to Sakai. In particular, we construct a rational surface with big anticanonical divisor which is not a minimal resolution of a del Pezzo surface with only rational singularities, which gives a negative answer to a question raised in a paper by Testa, Várilly-Alvarado, and Velasco.
It is proved that a smooth rational surface in projective four-space, which is ruled by cubics or quartics has degree at most 12. It is also proved that a smooth rational surface in projective four-space which is the image of Fn by a linear system with "simple base points" (see text) has degree at most 12.
We proved that the union of rational curves is dense on a very general K3 surface and the union of elliptic curves is dense in the 1st jet space of a very general K3 surface, both in the strong topology.
This is a survey of the geometry of complex cubic fourfolds with a view toward rationality questions. Topics include classical constructions of rational examples, Hodge structures and special cubic fourfolds, associated K3 surfaces and their geometric interpretations, and connections with rationality and unirationality constructions.
We show that a real rational (over $\C$) surfaces are quasi-simple, i.e., that such a surface is determined up to deformation in the class of real surfaces by the topological type of its real structure.
We prove dimension formulas for the cotangent spaces $T^{1}$ and $T^{2}$ for a class of rational surface singularities by calculating a correction term in the general dimension formulas. We get that it is zero if the dual graph of the rational surface singularity $X$ does not contain a particular type of configurations, and this generalizes a result of Theo de Jong stating that the correction term $c(X)$ is zero for rational determinantal surface singularities. In particular our result implies that $c(X)$ is zero for Riemenschneiders quasi-determinantal rational surface singularities, and this…
We study arithmetic properties of derived equivalent K3 surfaces over the field of Laurent power series, using the equivariant geometry of K3 surfaces with cyclic groups actions.
We study the moduli space of rank 0 semistable sheaves on some rational surfaces. We show the irreducibility and stable rationality of them under some conditions. We also compute several (virtual) Betti numbers of those moduli spaces by computing their motivic measures.
We consider a rational surface with a relatively minimal fibration. Picard number of a such fibred surface is bounded in terms of the genus of a general fibre. When Picard number is the maximum for any given genus, we characterize a such fibred surface whose Mordell-Weil group is trivial by singular fibres. Furthermore, we describe the defining equation explicitly.
The aim of this paper is to present two different constructions of smooth rational surfaces in projective fourspace with degree 12 and sectional genus 13. In particular, we establish the existences of five different families of smooth rational surfaces in projective fourspace with the prescribed invariants.
We show the existence of 112 non-singular rational curves on the supersingular K3 surface with Artin invariant 1 in characteristic 3 by several ways. Using these rational curves, we have a $(16)_{10}$-configuration and a $(280_{4}, 112_{10})$-configuration on the K3 surface. Moreover we study the Picard lattice by using the theory of the Leech lattice. The 112 non-singular rational curves correspond to 112 Leech roots.
We prove that any smooth rational projective surface over the field of complex numbers has an open covering consisting of 3 subsets isomorphic to affine planes.
For a Fano manifold of pseudo-index at least 3 and $c_1^2-2c_2$ nef, we show irreducibility of certain spaces of curves on the Fano manifold implies the manifold is a union of rational surfaces.
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