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arXiv 1408.0736astro-ph.EP
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非重力扰动和虚拟撞击物:小行星2009 FD的情况

Non-gravitational Perturbations and Virtual Impactors: the case of asteroid 2009 FD

F. Spoto, A. Milani, D. Farnocchia, S. R. Chesley, M. Micheli, G. B. Valsecchi, D. Perna, O. Hainaut

摘要:

小行星2009 FD可能在2185年至2196年之间撞击地球。长期传播到可能的影响和干预行星遭遇使2009 FD在危险评估方面最具挑战性的小行星之一。为了计算准确的撞击概率,我们使用2009年FD的物理特性和近地小行星群的一般特性来模拟Yarkovsky效应。我们用两种独立的方法进行危险评估:第一种方法是NEODyS和Sentry使用的标准撞击监测算法的推广,而第二种方法是基于蒙特卡罗方法。这两种方法都在7维空间中生成轨道样本,该空间包括轨道要素和表征Yarkovsky效应的参数。在2185年与地球相遇期间,最高的撞击概率是$2.7 \times 10^{-3}$。在2185之后的影响对应于谐振返回是可能的,最相关的是在2190中,概率为$3 \times 10^{-4}$。这两种数值方法都可以在将来用于处理类似的情况。用解析理论可以预测2185年散射相遇的共振回波结构和靶面上可能的小孔列表。

英文摘要:

Asteroid 2009 FD could impact Earth between 2185 and 2196. The long term propagation to the possible impacts and the intervening planetary encounters make 2009 FD one of the most challenging asteroids in terms of hazard assessment. To compute accurate impact probabilities we model the Yarkovsky effect by using the available physical characterization of 2009 FD and general properties of the Near Earth Asteroid population. We perform the hazard assessment with two independent methods: the first method is a generalization of the standard impact monitoring algorithms in use by NEODyS and Sentry, while the second one is based on a Monte Carlo approach. Both methods generate orbital samples in a 7 dimensional space that includes orbital elements and the parameter characterizing the Yarkovsky effect. The highest impact probability is $2.7 \times 10^{-3}$ for an impact during the 2185 Earth encounter. Impacts after 2185 corresponding to resonant returns are possible, the most relevant being in 2190 with a probability of $3 \times 10^{-4}$. Both numerical methods can be used in the future to handle similar cases. The structure of resonant returns and the list of the possible keyholes on the Target Plane of the scattering encounter in 2185 can be predicted by an analytic theory.

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