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arXiv 1404.1602cs.AR
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嵌入式闪存能耗的高级模型

A high-level model of embedded flash energy consumption

James Pallister, Kerstin Eder, Simon J. Hollis, Jeremy Bennett

摘要:

深度嵌入式SoC的闪存中的代码对齐会对计算的总能耗产生很大影响。我们调查的效果代码对齐在六个SoC,并发现,这种能量的很大一部分(高达15%的SoC总能耗)可以节省的变化的对齐。建立了一个灵活的模型来预测深度嵌入式SoC上闪存的读-访问能耗,其中代码是就地执行的。该模型使用由处理器执行的指令级存储器访问来计算指令序列的闪存能耗。我们推导出五个SoC的模型参数,并验证它们。误差低至5%,总体平均归一化RMS偏差为11%。使用此模型优化代码对齐的范围在一系列基准测试和SoC中进行了探索。分析表明,超过30%的循环可以更好地对齐。这可以显著降低能耗,同时将代码大小增加不到4%。我们的结论是,这种效果有潜力作为一种有效的优化,节省大量的能源,在深度嵌入式SoC。

英文摘要:

The alignment of code in the flash memory of deeply embedded SoCs can have a large impact on the total energy consumption of a computation. We investigate the effect of code alignment in six SoCs and find that a large proportion of this energy (up to 15% of total SoC energy consumption) can be saved by changes to the alignment. A flexible model is created to predict the read-access energy consumption of flash memory on deeply embedded SoCs, where code is executed in place. This model uses the instruction level memory accesses performed by the processor to calculate the flash energy consumption of a sequence of instructions. We derive the model parameters for five SoCs and validate them. The error is as low as 5%, with a 11% average normalized RMS deviation overall. The scope for using this model to optimize code alignment is explored across a range of benchmarks and SoCs. Analysis shows that over 30% of loops can be better aligned. This can significantly reduce energy while increasing code size by less than 4%. We conclude that this effect has potential as an effective optimization, saving significant energy in deeply embedded SoCs.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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