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arXiv 1402.7172cond-mat.stat-mechmath-phmath.MP
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统计物理中的热力学极限

Thermodynamic Limit in Statistical Physics

A. L. Kuzemsky

摘要:

在凝聚态物理的各种应用研究中,多粒子系统统计热力学中的热力学极限是一个重要但经常被忽视的问题。为解决这一问题,本文简要地回顾了热力学极限过程在当代统计力学结构中的地位和地位,以及我们目前对这一问题的认识。我们选择了N. N. Bogoliubov,谁开发了一个一般的形式主义建立的极限分布函数的形式系列的权力的密度。在这项研究中,他概述了方法的理由热力学限制时,他推导出广义玻尔兹曼方程。为了丰富和编织我们的讨论,我们借此机会给密切相关的问题,如能量均分和统计系综的等价性和非等价性的一个简短的调查。能量均分的有效性允许人们决定什么是统计力学的适用范围。这项工作的主要目的是提供一个更好的定性理解的物理意义的热力学极限在现代统计物理的无限和“小”的多粒子系统。

英文摘要:

The thermodynamic limit in statistical thermodynamics of many-particle systems is an important but often overlooked issue in the various applied studies of condensed matter physics. To settle this issue, we review tersely the past and present disposition of thermodynamic limiting procedure in the structure of the contemporary statistical mechanics and our current understanding of this problem. We pick out the ingenious approach by N. N. Bogoliubov, who developed a general formalism for establishing of the limiting distribution functions in the form of formal series in powers of the density. In that study he outlined the method of justification of the thermodynamic limit when he derived the generalized Boltzmann equations. To enrich and to weave our discussion, we take this opportunity to give a brief survey of the closely related problems, such as the equipartition of energy and the equivalence and nonequivalence of statistical ensembles. The validity of the equipartition of energy permits one to decide what are the boundaries of applicability of statistical mechanics. The major aim of this work is to provide a better qualitative understanding of the physical significance of the thermodynamic limit in modern statistical physics of the infinite and "small" many-particle systems.

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