理解引力热力学
Making Sense of Gravitational Thermodynamics
AI总结：
本文为引力热力学提供新概念基础，主张自引力系统在相关尺度上以亚稳态准平衡形式适用平衡态统计力学，并发展了一个基于粗粒化量的极小热力学框架。
摘要：
使用统计方法对引力系统进行建模对物理学实践至关重要，但热力学和统计力学在多大程度上真正适用于这些系统仍是一个有争议的问题。本文通过重新审视平衡等关键概念的本质，并提出一种理解热力学的新方法，为引力热力学提供了新的概念基础。这些挑战源于引力势的独特性质，导致非广延的能量和熵、负热容以及缺乏标准平衡。因此有人声称，该领域仅适用非平衡态统计力学，而热力学并不适用。我们则主张，平衡态统计力学在相关尺度上适用于自引力系统，因为它们以亚稳态准平衡态的形式表现出平衡。随后，我们发展了一个可应用于这些系统及更广泛领域的极小热力学框架。热力学的适用性在于，我们能够在平衡态统计力学内，通过能量和温度等粗粒化量来构建对这些系统行为的宏观描述和解释。
英文摘要：
The use of statistical methods to model gravitational systems is crucial to physics practice, but the extent to which thermodynamics and statistical mechanics genuinely apply to these systems is a contentious issue. This paper provides new conceptual foundations for gravitational thermodynamics by reconsidering the nature of key concepts like equilibrium and advancing a novel way of understanding thermodynamics. The challenges arise from the peculiar characteristics of the gravitational potential, leading to non-extensive energy and entropy, negative heat capacity, and a lack of standard equilibrium. Hence it has been claimed that only non-equilibrium statistical mechanics is warranted in this domain, whereas thermodynamics is inapplicable. We argue instead that equilibrium statistical mechanics applies to self-gravitating systems at the relevant scale, as they display equilibrium in the form of metastable quasi-equilibrium states. We then develop a minimal framework for thermodynamics that can be applied to these systems and beyond. Thermodynamics applies in the sense that we can devise macroscopic descriptions and explanations of the behaviour of these systems in terms of coarse-grained quantities like energy and temperature within equilibrium statistical mechanics.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
