热力学和统计力学中的应力张量
The stress tensor in Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
摘要：
我们证明了具有任意短程相互作用的分子系统的应力张量τ ^{ab}可以用局部形变张量的配分函数的函数导数逐点表示。在这种方法中，τ ^{ab}的一组分量可以简单地解释为一组拉格朗日乘子，需要引入拉格朗日乘子来强制执行将点粒子位移与物体局部变形张量相关联的条件。讨论了τ ^{ab}公式的非唯一性问题。
英文摘要：
We prove that the stress tensor, tau^{ab}, of a molecular system with arbitrary, short-range interactions can be point-wisely expressed as the functional derivative of the partition function with respect to the local deformation tensor. In this approach the set of components of tau^{ab} has a simple interpretation as the set of Lagrangian multipliers which need to be introduced to enforce the conditions relating point particle displacements to the body local deformation tensor. The question of the non-uniqueness of the formula for tau^{ab} is discussed.
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