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arXiv 1402.6316physics.ao-ph
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大气CO2的一阶和二阶导数分别与全球地面温度和厄尔尼诺-南方涛动的相关

Correlations of the first and second derivatives of atmospheric CO2 with global surface temperature and the El Nino-Southern Oscillation respectively

L. M. W. Leggett, D. A. Ball

摘要:

要了解当前的全球气候,需要了解地球大气温度和厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)的趋势,ENSO是热带太平洋温暖海水的一种典型大规模分布,也是逐年气候变化的主要模式(Holbrook等人,2009年)。然而,尽管付出了很多努力,当前气候模式的平均预测在统计上与观测到的21世纪全球地面温度趋势存在显著差异(Fyfe 2013),并且未能反映21世纪年平均全球温度没有上升的统计学显著证据(Fyfe 2013,Kobaly 2013)。模型还提供了对未来厄尔尼诺/南方涛动变率的各种预测,有些显示出增加,有些显示出减少,有些则没有变化(Guiyardi等人,2012年; Bellenger,2013年)。在这里,我们提出的相关性,其中包括当前的时代,并没有这些缺点。相关性如下。首先,它已被证明(郭1990年,王W。等人,2013年),大气CO2水平的变化率(表示为一阶导数)具有时间趋势特征,其在统计上与全球地面温度的变化率显著相似。其次,我们在这里表明,这种变化的速度-大气中二氧化碳水平的二阶导数-统计上显着相关的厄尔尼诺-南方涛动显示的单独签名。第三,我们表明,二阶导数大气CO2导致ENSO,一阶导数CO2和温度。综上所述,上述三点为大气CO2作为全球气候驱动因素的关键作用提供了进一步的证据。这些结果也有助于更准确地预测未来全球气候。

英文摘要:

Understanding current global climate requires an understanding of trends both in Earth's atmospheric temperature and the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), a characteristic large-scale distribution of warm water in the tropical Pacific Ocean and the dominant mode of year-to-year climate variability (Holbrook et al. 2009. However, despite much effort, the average projection of current climate models has become statistically significantly different from the observed 21st century global surface temperature trend (Fyfe 2013)and has failed to reflect the statistically significant evidence that annual-mean global temperature has not risen in the 21st century (Fyfe 2013, Kosaka 2013). Modelling also provides a wide range of predictions for future ENSO variability, some showing an increase, others a decrease and some no change (Guilyardi, et al. 2012; Bellenger, 2013). Here we present correlations which include the current era and do not have these drawbacks. The correlations arise as follows. First it has been shown (Kuo 1990, Wang W. et al. 2013) that the rate of change of the level of atmospheric CO2 (expressed as its first derivative) has a time-trend signature which is statistically significantly similar to that for global surface temperature. Second, we show here that the rate of this change - the second derivative of the level of atmospheric CO2 - is statistically significantly correlated with the separate signature displayed by the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. Third, we show that second-derivative atmospheric CO2 leads ENSO, first-derivative CO2 and temperature. Taken together the foregoing three points provide further lines of evidence for the key role of atmospheric CO2 as a driver of global climate. The results may also contribute to more accurate prediction of future global climate.

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