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arXiv 2504.09189physics.ao-ph
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低延迟全球碳收支揭示2023/24年厄尔尼诺事件期间陆地碳汇持续下降

Low latency global carbon budget reveals a continuous decline of the land carbon sink during the 2023/24 El Nino event

Piyu Ke, Philippe Ciais, Yitong Yao, Stephen Sitch, Wei Li, Yidi Xu, Xiaomeng Du, Xiaofan Gui, Ana Bastos, Sonke Zaehle, Ben Poulter, Thomas Colligan, Auke M. v… 展开作者

Piyu Ke, Philippe Ciais, Yitong Yao, Stephen Sitch, Wei Li, Yidi Xu, Xiaomeng Du, Xiaofan Gui, Ana Bastos, Sonke Zaehle, Ben Poulter, Thomas Colligan, Auke M. van der Woude, Wouter Peters, Zhu Liu, Zhe Jin, Xiangjun Tian, Yilong Wang, Junjie Liu, Sudhanshu Pandey, Chris O'Dell, Jiang Bian, Chuanlong Zhou, John Miller, Xin Lan, Michael O'Sullivan, Pierre Friedlingstein, Guido R. van der Werf, Glen P. Peters, Shilong Piao, Frederic Chevallier

AI总结:

本文通过低延迟全球碳收支更新揭示2023/24年厄尔尼诺期间陆地碳汇持续下降,热带地区(尤其亚马逊)CO2损失显著,导致自1979年以来创纪录的CO2增长率。

摘要:

研究发现,2023年大气CO2的高增长率是由全球净陆地碳汇的严重减少所导致的。在此,我们更新了2024年1月1日至7月1日的全球CO2收支,在此期间,厄尔尼诺干旱状况在热带地区持续存在,但到2024年3月已停止。我们使用了三个动态全球植被模型(DGVMs)、海洋模型的机器学习仿真器、由第二颗轨道碳观测卫星(OCO-2)观测数据驱动的三个大气反演模型,以及近实时的化石CO2排放估算。在覆盖2023/24年厄尔尼诺事件的2023年7月至2024年7月的一年期间,我们发现自1979年以来创纪录的CO2增长率为3.66±0.09 ppm yr⁻¹(±1个标准差)。然而,去除长期趋势后得到的CO2增长率异常为1.1 ppm yr⁻¹,略小于1997/98年和2015/16年两次主要厄尔尼诺事件的7月至7月增长率异常。大气CO2增长率异常主要由净陆地碳汇减少2.24 GtC yr⁻¹所驱动,其中包括0.3 GtC yr⁻¹的火灾排放,部分被相对于2015–2022年7月至7月平均值海洋碳汇增加0.38 GtC yr⁻¹所抵消。热带地区占陆地CO2通量异常的97.5%,其中亚马逊(50.6%)、中非(34%)和东南亚(8.2%)居首,2024年4月至7月期间南非和巴西南部还存在热带外源。我们的三个DGVMs表明,2023/2024年热带CO2损失大于1997/98年和2015/16年两次先前大型厄尔尼诺事件期间的损失,而反演结果表明损失与2015/16年更为接近。总体而言,这次低延迟碳收支的更新突显了近期厄尔尼诺干旱在解释截至2024年7月的高CO2增长率方面的影响。

英文摘要:

The high growth rate of atmospheric CO2 in 2023 was found to be caused by a severe reduction of the global net land carbon sink. Here we update the global CO2 budget from January 1st to July 1st 2024, during which El Niño drought conditions continued to prevail in the Tropics but ceased by March 2024. We used three dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs), machine learning emulators of ocean models, three atmospheric inversions driven by observations from the second Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2) satellite, and near-real-time fossil CO2 emissions estimates. In a one-year period from July 2023 to July 2024 covering the El Niño 2023/24 event, we found a record-high CO2 growth rate of 3.66~$\pm$~0.09 ppm~yr$^{-1}$ ($\pm$~1 standard deviation) since 1979. Yet, the CO2 growth rate anomaly obtained after removing the long term trend is 1.1 ppm~yr$^{-1}$, which is marginally smaller than the July--July growth rate anomalies of the two major previous El Niño events in 1997/98 and 2015/16. The atmospheric CO2 growth rate anomaly was primarily driven by a 2.24 GtC~yr$^{-1}$ reduction in the net land sink including 0.3 GtC~yr$^{-1}$ of fire emissions, partly offset by a 0.38 GtC~yr$^{-1}$ increase in the ocean sink relative to the 2015--2022 July--July mean. The tropics accounted for 97.5\% of the land CO2 flux anomaly, led by the Amazon (50.6\%), central Africa (34\%), and Southeast Asia (8.2\%), with extra-tropical sources in South Africa and southern Brazil during April--July 2024. Our three DGVMs suggest greater tropical CO2 losses in 2023/2024 than during the two previous large El Niño in 1997/98 and 2015/16, whereas inversions indicate losses more comparable to 2015/16. Overall, this update of the low latency budget highlights the impact of recent El Niño droughts in explaining the high CO2 growth rate until July 2024.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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