减少排放并提升碳汇能力以支持中国在2060年前实现碳中和
Decreasing emissions and increasing sink capacity to support China in achieving carbon neutrality before 2060
AI总结：
该研究梳理200余篇文献，结合多模型与情景分析中国碳源汇现状及趋势，明确减排与增汇的关键技术路径，为中国2060年前实现碳中和提供数据与技术参考。
摘要：
2020年9月，习近平主席宣布中国力争在2060年前实现碳中和。这一雄心勃勃且大胆的承诺获得了国际社会的广泛认可，但相关技术与实现路径尚不清晰。本文开展了覆盖200余篇已发表论文的广泛综述，总结了实现碳中和的关键技术。我们基于过往研究与已发布情景，预测了2020-2050年各部门的CO₂排放量。考虑到潜在的资源竞争，我们采用了中等陆地碳汇情景，同时纳入了以往估算中通常未被考虑的海洋碳汇。我们基于多模型与文献综述，分析并重新评估了1980-2020年中国历史陆地碳汇能力。要实现碳中和，必须提升碳汇能力并减少多源排放。一方面，减排的关键措施包括减少化石燃料使用、大幅提升可再生能源与核能的占比；另一方面，由于陆地生态系统的自然演化，未来碳汇能力预计将下降，需要通过人为管理措施提升碳汇能力，包括通过国家生态修复工程与大规模国土绿化行动增加森林碳汇、增加木材采伐与储存、发展CCUS（碳捕获、利用与封存）。本文为科学界与政策制定者提供了基础的源汇数据，以及成熟且具前景的减排增汇新技术。
英文摘要：
In September 2020, President Xi Jinping announced that China strives to achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. This ambitious and bold commitment was well received by the global community. However, the technology and pathway are not so clear. Here, we conducted an extensive review covering more than 200 published papers and summarized the key technologies to achieve carbon neutrality. We projected sectoral CO2 emissions for 2020-2050 based on our previous studies and published scenarios. We applied a medium sink scenario for terrestrial sinks due to the potential resource competition and included an ocean sink, which has generally not been included in previous estimates. We analyzed and revisited China's historical terrestrial carbon sink capacity from 1980-2020 based on multiple models and a literature review. To achieve neutrality, it is necessary to increase sink capacity and decrease emissions from many sources. On the one hand, critical measures to reduce emissions include decreasing the use of fossil fuels; substantially increasing the proportion of the renewable energy and nuclear energy. On the other hand, the capacity of future carbon sinks is projected to decrease due to the natural evolution of terrestrial ecosystems, and anthropogenic management practices are needed to increase sink capacity, including increasing the forest sinks through national ecological restoration projects and large-scale land greening campaigns; increasing wood harvesting and storage; and developing CCUS. This paper provides basic source and sink data,and established and promising new technologies for decreasing emissions and increasing sinks for use by the scientific community and policy makers.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
