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arXiv 1306.6501gr-qcastro-ph.CO
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奇异的Raychaudhuri方程

The peculiar Raychaudhuri equation

Christos G. Tsagas, Miltiadis I. Kadiltzoglou

摘要:

在宇宙中,奇特的运动是司空见惯的。例如,我们的本地星系群相对于哈勃流的漂移速度约为600公里/秒。随着我们逐渐进入更大的规模,这种整体流动被认为会逐渐消失。然而,最近有报道称,有比通常预期的更大、更快的奇特运动。如果这些说法是正确的,那么在塑造我们宇宙的运动学中,特殊流动的作用可能被低估了。在这里,我们使用广义相对论技术来分析大规模的整体运动的平均运动学和计算的非线性Raychaudhuri方程等流量。在这样做时,我们引入两个家庭的观察员。一个在哈勃膨胀时静止,另一个在奇特的运动中。我们首先推导出完全非线性表达式的“奇特”Raychaudhuri方程在这两个框架,并确定了一系列的相对运动的影响。线性化的弗里德曼宇宙与无压尘埃,完整的方程减少到一个简单的关系,没有明确的贡献,从物质组成的宇宙。利用宇宙学扰动理论,我们得到了一个与尺度有关的公式,它也包含了宇宙的非均匀性和各向异性的影响。当后者是次要的,特殊的Raychaudhuri方程可以解析求解。此外,结合所得到的表达式与数据,从最近的特殊速度调查,我们估计的相对减速/加速率,这样的批量运动。

英文摘要:

Peculiar motions are commonplace in the universe. Our local group of galaxies, for example, drifts relative to the Hubble flow at about 600 km/sec. Such bulk flows are believed to fade away as we move on to progressively larger scales. Recently, however, there have been reports of peculiar motions larger and faster than typically expected. If these claims are correct, the role of peculiar flows in shaping the kinematics of our universe has been probably underestimated. Here, we use general relativistic techniques to analyse the average kinematics of large-scale bulk motions and compute the nonlinear Raychaudhuri equation of such flows. In doing so, we introduce two families of observers. One at rest with the Hubble expansion and another following the peculiar motion. We first derive the fully nonlinear expressions of the "peculiar" Raychaudhuri equation in both frames and identify a range of relative motion effects. Linearised around a Friedmann universe with pressureless dust, the full equations reduce to a simple relation with no explicit contribution from the matter component of the universe. Using cosmological perturbation theory, we obtain a scale-dependent formula, which also incorporates the effects of universe's inhomogeneity and anisotropy. When the latter are secondary, the peculiar Raychaudhuri equation can be solved analytically. Also, combining the resulting expression with data from recent peculiar-velocity surveys, we estimate the relative deceleration/acceleration rates of such bulk motions.

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