Suppose that $K$ and $ K'$ are two affine Cantor sets in $\mathbb R$. It is shown that the sum set $K+K'$ has equal box and Hausdorff dimensions, where this common dimension is denoted by $s$, we have $H^s(K+K')<\infty$. It has previously been proven that $H^s(K +K') > 0$, for almost every pair $(K, K')$ satisfying $HD(K)+HD(K') <\frac{1}{2}$ or $HD(K)+HD(K') > 1$. We show that $H^s(K +K') = 0$, for almost every pair $(K, K')$ satisfying the conditions $HD(K) + HD(K') \leq 1$ and $τ(K) + τ(K') + 3τ(K)τ(K') \geq 1$.
Let $E, F\subset \R^d$ be two self-similar sets. Under mild conditions, we show that $F$ can be $C^1$-embedded into $E$ if and only if it can be affinely embedded into $E$; furthermore if $F$ can not be affinely embedded into $E$, then the Hausdorff dimension of the intersection $E\cap f(F)$ is strictly less than that of $F$ for any $C^1$-diffeomorphism $f$ on $\R^d$. Under certain circumstances, we prove the logarithmic commensurability between the contraction ratios of $E$ and $F$ if $F$ can be affinely embedded into $E$. As an application, we show that $\dim_HE\cap f(F)<\min\{\dim_HE, \dim_…
Let $s\in (0,1)$, and let $F\subset \mathbb{R}$ be a self similar set such that $0 < \dim_H F \leq s$ . We prove that there exists $δ= δ(s) >0$ such that if $F$ admits an affine embedding into a homogeneous self similar set $E$ and $0 \leq \dim_H E - \dim_H F < δ$ then (under some mild conditions on $E$ and $F$) the contraction ratios of $E$ and $F$ are logarithmically commensurable. This provides more evidence for a Conjecture of Feng, Huang, and Rao, that states that these contraction ratios are logarithmically commensurable whenever $F$ admits an affine embedding into $E$ (under some mild c…
For a compact set $K\subset \mathbb{R}^1$ and a family $\{C_λ\}_{λ\in J}$ of dynamically defined Cantor sets sufficiently close to affine with $\text{dim}_H\, K+\text{dim}_H\, C_λ>1$ for all $λ\in J$, under natural technical conditions we prove that the sum $K+C_λ$ has positive Lebesgue measure for almost all values of the parameter $λ$. As a corollary, we show that generically the sum of two affine Cantor sets has positive Lebesgue measure provided the sum of their Hausdorff dimensions is greater than one.
Let $E, F\subset {\Bbb R}^d$ be two self-similar sets, and suppose that $F$ can be affinely embedded into $E$. Under the assumption that $E$ is dust-like and has a small Hausdorff dimension, we prove the logarithmic commensurability between the contraction ratios of $E$ and $F$. This gives a partial affirmative answer to Conjecture 1.2 in \cite{FHR14}. The proof is based on our study of the box-counting dimension of a class of multi-rotation invariant sets on the unit circle, including the $αβ$-sets initially studied by Engelking and Katznelson.
Let $F,E\subseteq \mathbb{R}^2$ be two self similar sets. First, assuming $F$ is generated by an IFS $Φ$ with strong separation, we characterize the affine maps $g:\mathbb{R}^2 \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^2$ such that $g(F)\subseteq F$. Our analysis depends on the cardinality of the group $G_Φ$ generated by the orthogonal parts of the similarities in $Φ$. When $|G_Φ|=\infty$ we show that any such self embedding must be a similarity, and so (by the results of Elekes, Keleti and Máthé) some power of its orthogonal part lies in $G_Φ$. When $|G_Φ| < \infty$ and $Φ$ has a uniform contraction $λ$, we sho…
The structure of a self-similar set with open set condition does not change under magnification. For self-affine sets the situation is completely different. We consider planar self-affine Cantor sets E of the type studied by Bedford, McMullen, Gatzouras and Lalley, for which the projection onto the horizontal axis is an interval. We show that within small square neighborhoods of almost each point x in E, with respect to many product measures on address space, E is well approximated by product sets of an interval and a Cantor set. Even though E is totally disconnected, the limit sets have the p…
We define the epsilon-distortion complexity of a set as the shortest program, running on a universal Turing machine, which produces this set at the precision epsilon in the sense of Hausdorff distance. Then, we estimate the epsilon-distortion complexity of various central Cantor sets on the line generated by iterated function systems (IFS's). In particular, the epsilon-distortion complexity of a C^k Cantor set depends, in general, on k and on its box counting dimension, contrarily to Cantor sets generated by polynomial IFS or random affine Cantor sets.
In this article we give necessary and sufficient conditions that a complex number must satisfy to be a continuous eigenvalue of a minimal Cantor system. Similarly, for minimal Cantor systems of finite rank, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for having a measure theoretical eigenvalue. These conditions are established from the combinatorial information of the Bratteli-Vershik representations of such systems. As an application, from any minimal Cantor system, we construct a strong orbit equivalent system without irrational eigenvalues which shares all measure theoretical eigenvalues…
We construct a chaotic discrete-time continuous-state Hopfield network with piecewise-affine nonnegative activation functions and weight matrix with small positive entries. More precisely, there exists a Cantor set $C$ in the state space such that the network has sensitive dependence on initial conditions at initial states in $C$ and the network orbit of each initial state in $C$ has $C$ as its $ω$-limit set. The approach we use is based on tools developed and employed recently in the study of the topological dynamics of piecewise-contractions. The parameters of the chaotic network are explici…
We study the orthogonal projections of a large class of self-affine carpets, which contains the carpets of Bedford and McMullen as special cases. Our main result is that if $Λ$ is such a carpet, and certain natural irrationality conditions hold, then every orthogonal projection of $Λ$ in a non-principal direction has Hausdorff dimension $\min(γ,1)$, where $γ$ is the Hausdorff dimension of $Λ$. This generalizes a recent result of Peres and Shmerkin on sums of Cantor sets.
We examine topological dynamical systems on the Cantor set from the point of view of the continuous model theory of commutative C*-algebras. After some general remarks we focus our attention on the generic homeomorphism of the Cantor set, as constructed by Akin, Glasner, and Weiss. We show that this homeomorphism is the prime model of its theory. We also show that the notion of "generic" used by Akin, Glasner, and Weiss is distinct from the notion of "generic" encountered in Fraisse theory.
Let $C_\la$ and $C_\ga$ be two affine Cantor sets in $\mathbb{R}$ with similarity dimensions $d_\la$ and $d_\ga$, respectively. We define an analog of the Bandt-Graf condition for self-similar systems and use it to give necessary and sufficient conditions for having $\Ha^{d_\la+d_\ga}(C_\la + C_\ga)>0$ where $C_\la + C_\ga$ denotes the arithmetic sum of the sets. We use this result to analyze the orthogonal projection properties of sets of the form $C_\la \times C_\ga$. We prove that for Lebesgue almost all directions $θ$ for which the projection is not one-to-one, the projection has zero $(d_…
Quantization for a probability distribution refers to the idea of estimating a given probability by a discrete probability supported by a finite set. In this article, we consider a probability distribution generated by an infinite system of affine transformations $\{S_{ij}\}$ on $\mathbb R^2$ with associated probabilities $\{p_{ij}\}$ such that $p_{ij}>0$ for all $i, j\in \mathbb N$ and $\sum_{i, j=1}^\infty p_{ij}=1$. For such a probability measure $P$, the optimal sets of $n$-means and the $n$th quantization error are calculated for every natural number $n$. It is shown that the distribution…
We prove that the dimension of the harmonic measure of the complementary of a translation-invariant type of Cantor sets as a continuous function of the parameters determining these sets. This results extend a previous one of the author and do not use ergodic theoretic tools, not applicable to our case.
We translate Akin's notion of {\it good} (and related concepts) from measures on Cantor sets to traces on dimension groups, and particularly for invariant measures of minimal homeomorphisms (and their corresponding simple dimension groups), this yields characterizations and examples, which translate back to the original context. Good traces on a simple dimension group are characterized by their kernel having dense image in their annihilating set of affine functions on the trace space; this makes it possible to construct many examples with seemingly paradoxical properties. In order to study the…
In this survey we give a concise introduction to a continuous version of Borel combinatorics. Our approach will have a certain algorithm-theoretic nature and we will give special emphasis to the notion of almost finiteness introduced by Matui as a continuous analogue of Borel hyperfiniteness. We also show how the theory can be used to study spectral convergence for graph Laplacians.
We simplify a criterion (due to Ibarlucía and the author) which characterizes dynamical simplices, that is, sets $K$ of probability measures on a Cantor space $X$ for which there exists a minimal homeomorphism of $X$ whose set of invariant measures coincides with $K$. We then point out that this criterion is related to Fraïssé theory, and use that connection to provide a new proof of Downarowicz' theorem stating that any Choquet simplex is affinely homeomorphic to a dynamical simplex. The construction enables us to prove that there exist minimal homeomorphisms of a Cantor space which are speed…
Let $F$ be a Bedford-McMullen carpet defined by independent exponents. We prove that $\overline{\dim}_B (\ell \cap F) \leq \max \lbrace \dim^* F -1,0 \rbrace$ for all lines $\ell$ not parallel to the principal axes, where $\dim^*$ is Furstenberg's star dimension (maximal dimension of a microset). We also prove several rigidity results for incommensurable Bedford-McMullen carpets, that is, carpets $F$ and $E$ such that all defining exponents are independent: Assuming various conditions, we find bounds on the dimension of the intersection of such carpets, show that self affine measures on them a…
Computing the equilibrium measure of a system of intervals converging to a Cantor set
Center for Non-linear and Complex Systems（非线性与复杂系统中心）；Dipartimento di Scienze ed Alta Tecnologia（科学与技术高等学院）；Università dell’ Insubria（因斯布鲁克大学）；I.N.F.N. sezione di Milano（意大利国家核物理研究所米兰分部）；CNISM unità di Como（科莫单元意大利凝聚态物质创新研究中心）
We define a notion of tiling of the full infinite $p$-ary tree, establishing a series of equivalent criteria for a subtree to be a tile, each of a different nature; namely, geometric, algebraic, graph-theoretic, order-theoretic, and topological. We show how these results can be applied in a straightforward and constructive manner to define homeomorphisms between two given spaces of $p$-adic integers, $\mathbb{Z}_{p}$ and $\mathbb{Z}_{q}$, endowed with their corresponding standard non-archimedean metric topologies.
We study measures on $\mathbb{R}^d$ which are induced by a class of infinite and recursive iterations in symbolic dynamics. Beginning with a finite set of data, we analyze prescribed recursive iteration systems, each involving subdivisions. The construction includes measures arising from affine and contractive iterated function systems with and without overlap (IFSs), i.e., limit measures $μ$ induced by a finite family of affine mappings in $\mathbb{R}^d$ (the focus of our paper), as well as equilibrium measures in complex dynamics. By a systematic analysis of the Fourier transform of the meas…
On the intersections of homogeneous self-similar sets with their translates in $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ and a formulation of multiplicative invariance in $\mathbb{Z}^{n}$
We study the L^q -dimensions of self-affine measures and the Kaenmaki measure on a class of self-affine sets similar to the class considered by Hueter and Lalley. We give simple, checkable conditions under which the Lq -dimensions are equal to the value predicted by Falconer for a range of q. As a corollary this gives a wider class of self-affine sets for which the Hausdorff dimension can be explicitly calculated. Our proof combines the potential theoretic approach developed by Hunt and Kaloshin with recent advances in the dynamics of self-affine sets.
We study the decidability of the topological properties of some objects coming from fractal geometry. We prove that having empty interior is undecidable for the sets defined by two-dimensional graph-directed iterated function systems. These results are obtained by studying a particular class of self-affine sets associated with multi-tape automata. We first establish the undecidability of some language-theoretical properties of such automata, which then translate into undecidability results about their associated self-affine sets.
