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arXiv 1306.4685astro-ph.SR
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太阳日冕环的结构:从小型到大型

Structure of solar coronal loops: from miniature to large-scale

H. Peter, S. Bingert, J. A. Klimchuk, C. de Forest, J. W. Cirtain, L. Golub, A. R. Winebarger, K. Kobayashi, K. E. Korreck

摘要:

我们将使用来自高分辨率日冕成像仪(Hi-C)的新数据,以前所未有的日冕空间分辨率来研究日冕环的结构,最低可达0.2弧秒。在火箭飞行期间,Hi-C提供了193 A左右波段的日冕图像,该波段以Fe XII的发射为主,显示等离子体温度约为1.5 MK。我们分析的Hi-C视野的一部分,研究迄今为止观察到的最小的冠状环,并寻找一个可能的子结构较大的环。我们发现微小的1.5 MK环状结构,我们解释为微型冠状环。这些有长度的日冕段以上的色球层只有约1毫米和厚度小于200公里。它们可以被解释为小通量管突破光球的日冕特征,其足点距离相当于一个颗粒细胞的直径。我们发现,超过50毫米的循环有一个直径约为2弧秒或1.5毫米,与以前的观察一致。然而,Hi-C真正解决了这些循环,循环中有大约20个像素。即使在这种大大提高了空间分辨率的大环似乎没有可见的子结构。相反,它们在横截面上显示出平滑的变化。大的日冕环在每像素0.1弧秒的空间尺度上没有显示出子结构,这意味着要么密度和温度在这些环上平滑地变化,要么对环的直径构成上限。我们估计,组成2弧秒厚的环股将不得不薄于15公里。我们第一次发现的微型回路在建模方面提出了正确理解的挑战。

英文摘要:

We will use new data from the High-resolution Coronal Imager (Hi-C) with unprecedented spatial resolution of the solar corona to investigate the structure of coronal loops down to 0.2 arcsec. During a rocket flight Hi-C provided images of the solar corona in a wavelength band around 193 A that is dominated by emission from Fe XII showing plasma at temperatures around 1.5 MK. We analyze part of the Hi-C field-of-view to study the smallest coronal loops observed so far and search for the a possible sub-structuring of larger loops. We find tiny 1.5 MK loop-like structures that we interpret as miniature coronal loops. These have length of the coronal segment above the chromosphere of only about 1 Mm and a thickness of less than 200 km. They could be interpreted as the coronal signature of small flux tubes breaking through the photosphere with a footpoint distance corresponding to the diameter of a cell of granulation. We find loops that are longer than 50 Mm to have a diameter of about 2 arcsec or 1.5 Mm, consistent with previous observations. However, Hi-C really resolves these loops with some 20 pixels across the loop. Even at this greatly improved spatial resolution the large loops seem to have no visible sub-structure. Instead they show a smooth variation in cross-section. The fact that the large coronal loops do not show a sub-structure at the spatial scale of 0.1 arcsec per pixel implies that either the densities and temperatures are smoothly varying across these loops or poses an upper limit on the diameter of strands the loops might be composed of. We estimate that strands that compose the 2 arcsec thick loop would have to be thinner than 15 km. The miniature loops we find for the first time pose a challenge to be properly understood in terms of modeling.

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