Piotr Malicki, José Antonio de la Peña, Andrzej Skowroński
备注：
36 pages; new abstract; introduction added; some new results and comments added to Section 1; Section 5 added; some new references for Sections 1 and 5 added; some typos fixed
发表信息：
Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra 219 (2015), no. 5, 1761--1799
We solve a long standing open problem concerning the structure of finite cycles in the category mod A of finitely generated modules over an arbitrary artin algebra A, that is, the chains of homomorphisms $M_0 \stackrel{f_1}{\rightarrow} M_1 \to \cdots \to M_{r-1} \stackrel{f_r}{\rightarrow} M_r=M_0$ between indecomposable modules in mod A which do not belong to the infinite radical of mod A. In particular, we describe completely the structure of an arbitrary module category mod A whose all cycles are finite. The main structural results of the paper allow to derive several interesting combinatorial and homological properties of indecomposable modules lying on finite cycles. For example, we prove that for all but finitely many isomorphism classes of indecomposable modules M lying on finite cycles of a module category mod A the Euler characteristic of M is well defined and nonnegative. As an another application of these results we obtain a characterization of all cycle-finite module categories mod A having only a finite number of functorially finite torsion classes. Moreover, new types of examples illustrating the main results of the paper are presented.
The blob algebra is a finite-dimensional quotient of the Hecke algebra of type $B$ which is almost always quasi-hereditary. We construct the indecomposable tilting modules for the blob algebra over a field of characteristic $0$ in the doubly critical case. Every indecomposable tilting module of maximal highest weight is either a projective module or an extension of a simple module by a projective module. Moreover, every indecomposable tilting module is a submodule of an indecomposable tilting module of maximal highest weight. We conclude that the graded Weyl multiplicities of the indecomposabl…
A recent work by Lesnick and Wright proposed a visualisation of $2$D persistence modules by using their restrictions onto lines, giving a family of $1$D persistence modules. We give a constructive proof that any $1$D persistence module with finite support can be found as a restriction of some indecomposable $2$D persistence module with finite support. As consequences of our construction, we are able to exhibit indecomposable $2$D persistence modules whose support has holes as well as an indecomposable $2$D persistence module containing all $1$D persistence modules with finite support as line r…
We give a characterization of indecomposable exceptional modules over finite dimensional gentle algebras. As an application, we study gentle algebras arising from an unpunctured surface and show that a class of indecomposable modules related to curves without selfintersections, as exceptional modules, are uniquely determined by their dimension vectors.
For the algebra L= K <x, d/dx, \int> of polynomial integro-differential operators over a field K of characteristic zero, a classification of indecomposable, generalized weight L-modules of finite length is given. Each such module is an infinite dimensional uniserial module. Ext-groups are found between indecomposable generalized weight modules, it is proven that they are finite dimensional vector spaces.
We show that there is a reflection type bijection between the indecomposable summands of two multiplicity free tilting modules $X$ and $Y$. This bijection fixes the common indecomposable summands of $X$ and $Y$ and sends indecomposable projective (resp., injective) summands of exactly one module to non-projective (resp., non-injective) summands of the other. Moreover, this bijection interchanges the two possible non-isomorphic complements of an almost complete tilting module.
This article gives the structure of all projective indecomposable modules in blocks with non-cyclic defect group for $n\leq 11$, and almost all in the case of $n=12$, leaving four simple modules for $p=2$ and one simple module for $p=3$.
We prove a BGG type reciprocity law for the category of finite dimensional modules over algebraic supergroups satisfying certain conditions. The equivalent of a standard module in this case is a virtual module called Euler characteristic due to its geometric interpretation. In the orthosymplectic case, we also describe indecomposable projective modules in terms of those Euler characteristics.
Let $Λ$ be a finite-dimensional $k$-algebra with $k$ algebraically closed. Bongartz has recently shown that the existence of an indecomposable $Λ$-module of length $n > 1$ implies that also indecomposable $Λ$-modules of length $n-1$ exist. Using a slight modification of his arguments, we strengthen the assertion as follows: If there is an indecomposable module of length $n$, then there is also an accessible one. Here, the accessible modules are defined inductively, as follows: First, the simple modules are accessible. Second, a module of length $n \ge 2$ is accessible provided it is indecompos…
We compute the Loewy structure of the indecomposable projective modules for the group algebra FG, where G is the alternating group on 10 letters and F is an algebraically closed field of characteristic 3.
In this paper, we study the tensor structure of category of finite dimensional representations of Drinfeld quantum doubles $D(H_n(q))$ of Taft Hopf algebras $H_n(q)$. Tensor product decomposition rules for all finite dimensional indecomposable modules are explicitly given.
We study the multiplicities of Young modules as direct summands of permutation modules on cosets of Young subgroups. Such multiplicities have become known as the p-Kostka numbers. We classify the indecomposable Young permutation modules, and, applying the Brauer construction for p-permutation modules, we give some new reductions for p-Kostka numbers. In particular we prove that p-Kostka numbers are preserved under multiplying partitions by p, and strengthen a known reduction given by Henke, corresponding to adding multiples of a p-power to the first row of a partition.
We classify all uniserial modules of the solvable Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}=\langle x\rangle \ltimes V$, where $V$ is an abelian Lie algebra over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0 and $x$ is an arbitrary automorphism of $V$.
We prove the existence and main properties of signed Young modules for the symmetric group, using only basic facts about symmetric group representations and the Brou{é} correspondence. We then prove new reduction theorems for the signed $p$-Kostka numbers, defined to be the multiplicities of signed Young modules as direct summands of signed Young permutation modules. We end by classifying the indecomposable signed Young permutation modules and determining their endomorphism algebras.
Let $P$ be a principal indecomposable module of a finite group $G$ in characteristic $2$ and let $φ$ be the Brauer character of the corresponding simple $G$-module. We show that $P$ affords a non-degenerate $G$-invariant quadratic form if and only if there are involutions $s,t\in G$ such that $st$ has odd order and $φ(st)/2$ is not an algebraic integer. We then show that the number of isomorphism classes of quadratic principal indecomposable $G$-modules is equal to the number of strongly real conjugacy classes of odd order elements of $G$.
For the Klein-Four Group $G$ and a perfect field $k$ of characteristic two we determine all indecomposable symplectic $kG$-modules, that is, $kG$-modules with a symplectic, $G$-invariant form which do not decompose into smaller such modules, and classify them up to isometry. Also we determine all quadratic forms that have one of the above symplectic forms as their associated bilinear form and describe their isometry classes.
The rigidity degree of a generator-cogenerator determines the dominant dimension of its endomorphism algebra, and is closely related to a recently introduced homological dimension -- rigidity dimension. In this paper, we give explicit formulae for the rigidity degrees of all indecomposable modules over representation-finite self-injective algebras by developing combinatorial methods from the Euclidean algorithm. As an application, the rigidity dimensions of some algebras of types $A$ and $E$ are given.
Let $F$ be a field of non-zero characteristic $p$, let $G$ be a cyclic group of order $q =p^a$ for some positive integer $a$, and let $U$ and $W$ be indecomposable $F G$-modules. We identify a generator for each of the indecomposable components of $U \otimes W$ in terms of a particular $F$-basis of $U \otimes W$, extending previous work in which each component occurred with multiplicity one. An anonymous reviewer helped us realize that our results are really just a translation of previous results of Iiwa and Iwamatsu to our situation.
Let $F$ be an algebraically closed field and consider the Lie algebra ${\mathfrak g}=\langle x\rangle\ltimes {\mathfrak a}$, where $\mathrm{ad}\, x$ acts diagonalizably on the abelian Lie algebra ${\mathfrak a}$. Refer to a ${\mathfrak g}$-module as admissible if $[{\mathfrak g},{\mathfrak g}]$ acts via nilpotent operators on it, which is automatic if $\mathrm{char}(F)=0$. In this paper we classify all indecomposable ${\mathfrak g}$-modules $U$ which are admissible as well as uniserial, in the sense that $U$ has a unique composition series.
In this paper we study the modular structure of the permutation module $H^{(2^n)}$ of the symmetric group $S_{2n}$ acting on set partitions of a set of size $2n$ into $n$ sets each of size $2$, defined over a field of odd characteristic $p$. In particular we characterize the vertices of the indecomposable summands of $H^{(2^n)}$ and fully describe all of its indecomposable summands that lie in blocks of $p$-weight at most two. When $2n < 3p$ we show that there is a unique summand of $H^{(2^n)}$ in the principal block of $S_{2n}$ and that this summand exhibits many of the extensions between sim…
For any complex parameters a,b, the W(a,b) algebra is the Lie algebra with basis {L_i,W_i|i\in Z}, and relations [L_i,L_j]=(j-i)L_{i+j}, [L_i,W_j]=(a+j+bi)W_{i+j},[W_i,W_j]=0. In this paper, indecomposable modules of the intermediate series over W(a,b) are classified. It is also proved that an irreducible Harish-Chandra W(a,b)-module is either a highest/lowest weight module or a uniformly bounded module. Furthermore, if a\notin Q, an irreducible weight W(a,b)-module is simply a Vir-module with trivial actions of W_k.
In this article we study the interplay between algebro-geometric notions related to $π$-points and structural features of the stable Auslander-Reiten quiver of a finite group scheme. We show that $π$-points give rise to a number of new invariants of the AR-quiver on one hand, and exploit combinatorial properties of AR-components to obtain information on $π$-points on the other. Special attention is given to components containing Carlson modules, constantly supported modules, and endo-trivial modules.
We show that an adaptation of Landrock's Lemma for symmetric algebras also holds for cellular algebras and BGG algebras. This is a result relating the radical layers of any two projective modules. The reason it holds in our setting is that there is a duality between injective hulls and projective covers. As a corollary we deduce that BGG reciprocity respects Loewy structure.
By a result of Hemmer, every simple Specht module of a finite symmetric group over a field of odd characteristic is a signed Young module. While Specht modules are parametrized by partitions, indecomposable signed Young modules are parametrized by certain pairs of partitions. The main result of this article establishes the signed Young module labels of simple Specht modules. Along the way we prove a number of results concerning indecomposable signed Young modules that are of independent interest. In particular, we determine the label of the indecomposable signed Young module obtained by tensor…
We describe the representation theory of finitely generated indecomposable modules over artin algebras which do not lie on cycles of indecomposable modules involving homomorphisms from the infinite Jacobson radical of the module category.
We study the problem of indecomposability of translations of simple modules in the principal block of BGG category $\mathcal{O}$ for $\mathfrak{sl}_n$, as conjectured in \cite{KiM}. We describe some general techniques and prove a few general results which may be applied to study various special cases of this problem. We apply our results to verify indecomposability for $n\leq 6$. We also study the problem of indecomposability of shufflings and twistings of simple modules and obtain some partial results.
Given an algebraically closed field $F$ of characteristic 0 and an $F$-vector space $V$, let $L(V)=V\oplusΛ^2(V)$ denote the free 2-step nilpotent Lie algebra associated to $V$. In this paper, we classify all uniserial representations of the solvable Lie algebra $\mathfrak g=\langle x\rangle\ltimes L(V)$, where $x$ acts on $V$ via an arbitrary invertible Jordan block.
For coprime dimension vectors certain torus fixed points of the Kronecker moduli space are indecomposable tree modules. They are indecomposable representations of the regular m-tree and can be glued in order to get stable torus fixed point for every coprime dimension vector. Using their stability and the reflection functor we show that for arbitrary roots there exist indecomposable tree modules of the Kronecker quiver as factor modules of these torus fixed points.
G. Navarro raised the question under what circumstancs two vertices of two indecomposable modules over a finite group algebra generate a Sylow $p$-subgroup. The present note provides a sufficient criterion for when this is the case. This generalises a result by Navarro for simple modules over finite $p$-solvable groups, which is the main motivation for this note.
Let k be a field and A the n-Kronecker algebra, this is the path algebra of the quiver with 2 vertices, a source and a sink, and n arrows from the source to the sink. It is well-known that the dimension vectors of the indecomposable A-modules are the positive roots of the corresponding Kac-Moody algebra. Thorsten Weist has shown that for every positive root there are even tree modules with this dimension vector and that for every positive imaginary root there are at least n tree modules. Here, we present a short proof of this result. The considerations used also provide a calculation-free proo…
Let $Q$ be the 3-Kronecker quiver, i.e., $Q$ has two vertices, labeled by 1 and 2, and three arrows from 2 to 1. Fix an algebraically closed field $k$. Let $\mathcal{C}$ be a regular component of the Auslander-Reiten quiver containing an indecomposable module $X$ with dimension $(1,1)$ or $(2,1)$. Using the properties of the Fibonacci numbers, we show that the Gabriel-Roiter measures of the indecomposable modules in $\mathcal{C}$ are uniquely determined by the dimension vectors. In other words, two indecomposable modules in $\mathcal{C}$ are not isomorphic if and only if their Gabriel-Roiter m…
Let $G$ be a simple simply connected algebraic group over an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic $p$, with Frobenius kernel $G_{(1)}$. It is known that when $p\ge 2h-2$, where $h$ is the Coxeter number of $G$, the projective indecomposable $G_{(1)}$-modules (PIMs) lift to $G$, and this has been conjectured to hold in all characteristics. In this paper, we explore the lifting problem via extensions of algebraic groups, following the work of Parshall and Scott who in turn build upon ideas due to Donkin. We prove various results which augment this approach, and as an application demo…
For modules over a finite-dimensional algebra, there is a canonical one-to-one correspondence between the projective indecomposable modules and the simple modules. In this purely expository note, we take a straight-line path from the definitions to this correspondence. The proof is self-contained.
Suppose that $Q$ is a connected quiver without oriented cycles and $σ$ is an automorphism of $Q$. Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field whose characteristic does not divide the order of the cyclic group $\langleσ\rangle$. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between indecomposable $kQ$-modules and indecomposable $kQ\#k\langleσ\rangle$-modules. It has been shown by Hubery that any $kQ\#k\langleσ\rangle$-module is an isomorphically invariant $kQ$-module, i.e., ii-module (in this paper, we call it $\langleσ\rangle$-equivalent $kQ$-module), and conversely any $\langleσ\rangl…
The extended Schur functions form a basis of quasisymmetric functions that contains the Schur functions. We provide a representation-theoretic interpretation of this basis by constructing $0$-Hecke modules whose quasisymmetric characteristics are the extended Schur functions. We further prove these modules are indecomposable.
We give diagrammatic formulae for morphisms between indecomposable representations of $\bar{U}_{q}(\mathfrak{sl}_{2})$ appearing in the decomposition of $\mathbb{C}^{\otimes 2n}$, including projections and second endomorphisms on projective indecomposable representations.
We investigate finite non-Abelian simple groups $G$ for which the projective cover of the trivial module coincides with the permutation module on a subgroup and classify all cases unless $G$ is of Lie type in defining characteristic.
Let ${\mathfrak g}$ be a finite dimensional Lie algebra over a field of characteristic 0, with solvable radical ${\mathfrak r}$ and nilpotent radical ${\mathfrak n}=[{\mathfrak g},{\mathfrak r}]$. Given a finite dimensional ${\mathfrak g}$-module $U$, its nilpotency series $ 0\subset U({\mathfrak n}^1)\subset\cdots\subset U({\mathfrak n}^m)=U$ is defined so that $U({\mathfrak n}^1)$ is the 0-weight space of ${\mathfrak n}$ in $U$, $U({\mathfrak n}^2)/U({\mathfrak n}^1)$ is the 0-weight space of ${\mathfrak n}$ in $U/U({\mathfrak n}^1)$, and so on. We say that $U$ is linked if each factor of it…
This is the addendum to the paper "On the Multiplicity Problem and the Isomorphism Problem for the Four Subspace Algebra" Communications in Algebra, 40:6 (2012), 2005-2036 (DOI: 10.1080/00927872.2011.570830). We give here the full proof of Proposition 3.3, describing the formulas for the dimensions of the homomorphism spaces to indecomposable modules over the four subspace algebra Λ. The reader can also find here the full description of indecomposable Λ-modules.
Let $g$ be a finite dimensional simple Lie algebra. Denote by $\mathcal B$ the category of all bounded weight $g$-modules, i.e. those which are direct sum of their weight spaces and have uniformly bounded weight multiplicities. A result of Fernando shows that infinite-dimensional bounded weight modules exist only for $g=sl(n)$ and $g=sp(2n)$. If $g=sp(2n)$ we show that $\mathcal B$ has enough projectives if and only if $n>1$. In addition, the indecomposable projective modules can be parameterized and described explicitly. All indecomposable objects are described in terms of indecomposable repr…
We categorify Verma and indecomposable projective modules in the category $\mathcal I_{\mathfrak{g}}(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$ for $\mathfrak{sl}_2$ using a tensor product decomposition theorem of T. J. Enright and work of J. Chuang and R. Rouquier, A. Licata and A. Savage (Hecke algebras, finite general linear groups, and Heisenberg categorification) and M. Khovanov (Heisenberg algebra and a graphical calculus).
We investigate the representation theory of domestic group schemes $\mathcal{G}$ over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p > 2$. We present results about filtrations of induced modules, actions on support varieties, Clifford theory for certain group schemes and applications of Clifford theory for strongly group graded algebras to the structure of Auslander-Reiten quivers. The combination of these results leads to the classification of modules belonging to the principal blocks of the group algebra $k\mathcal{G}$.
In this paper we study indecomposable rank 2 modules in the Grassmannian cluster category ${\rm CM}(B_{5,10})$. This is the smallest wild case containing modules whose profile layers are $5$-interlacing. We construct all rank 2 indecomposable modules with filtration $\{i,i+2,i+4,i+6,i+8\}\mid \{i+1,i+3,i+5,i+7,i+9\}$, classify them up to isomorphism, and parameterize all infinite families of non-isomorphic rank 2 modules.
After stating several tools which can be used to construct indecomposable tree modules for quivers without oriented cycles, we use these methods to construct indecomposable tree modules for every imaginary Schur root. These methods also give a recipe for the construction of tree modules for every root. Moreover, we give several examples illustrating the results.
We study the homotopy category $ K(\Inj A)$ of all injective modules over a finite dimensional algebra $A$ with discrete derived category. We give a classification of the indecomposable objects of $ K(\Inj A)$ for any radical square zero self-injective algebra $A$. In particular, every indecomposable object is endofinite.
For the algebra $I_n$ of polynomial integro-differential operators over a field $K$ of characteristic zero, a classification of simple weight and generalized weight (left and right) $I_n$-modules is given. It is proven that the category of weight $I_n$-modules is semisimple. An explicit description of generalized weight $I_n$-modules is given and using it a criterion is obtained for the problem of classification of indecomposable generalized weight $I_n$-modules to be of finite representation type, tame or wild. In the tame case, a classification of indecomposable generalized weight $I_n$-modu…
Multidimensional persistence has been proposed to study the persistence of topological features in data indexed by multiple parameters. In this work, we further explore its algebraic complications from the point of view of higher dimensional indecomposable persistence modules containing lower dimensional ones as hyperplane restrictions. Our previous work constructively showed that any finite rectangle-decomposable $n$D persistence module is the hyperplane restriction of some indecomposable $(n+1)$D persistence module, as a corollary of the result for $n=1$. Here, we extend this by dropping the…
A Classification of the Isomorphism Types of Indecomposable and Simple Modules that Refines the Green Theory in Finite Group Modular Representation Theory
Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field, $\mathop{char}(k) = p \geq 2$ and $E_r$ be a $p$-elementary abelian group of rank $r \geq 2$. Let $(c,d) \in \mathbb{N}^2$. We show that there exists an indecomposable module of constant Jordan type $[1]^c [2]^d$ and Loewy length $2$ if and only if $q_{Γ_r}(d,d+c) \leq 1$ and $c \geq r-1$, where $q_{Γ_r}(x,y) := x^2 + y^2-rxy$ denotes the Tits form of the generalized Kronecker quiver $Γ_r$. Since $p > 2$ and constant Jordan type $[1]^c [2]^d$ imply Loewy length $\leq 2$, we get in this case the full classification of Jordan types $[1]^c [2]^d$ that ari…
In this paper we study the vertices of indecomposable Specht modules for symmetric groups. For any given indecomposable non-projective Specht module, the main theorem of the article describes a family of p-subgroups contained in its vertex. The theorem generalizes and improves an earlier result due to Wildon in "Vertices of Specht modules and blocks of the symmetric group", J. Alg 323 (2010) 2243--2256.
We study the reduced Lefschetz module of the complex of p-radical and p-centric subgroups. We assume that the underlying group G has parabolic characteristic p and the centralizer of a certain noncentral p-element has a component with central quotient H a finite group of Lie type in characteristic p. A non-projective indecomposable summand of the associated Lefschetz module lies in a non-principal block of G and it is a Green correspondent of an inflated, extended Steinberg module for a Lie subgroup of H. The vertex of this summand is the defect group of the block in which it lies.
The Green ring of the half quantum group $H=U_n(q)$ is computed in [Chen, Van Oystaeyen, Zhang]. The tensor product formulas between indecomposables may be used for a generalized subgroup depth computation in the setting of quantum groups -- to compute depth of the Hopf subalgebra $H$ in its Drinfeld double $D(H)$. In this paper the Hopf subalgebra quotient module $Q$ (a generalization of the permutation module of cosets for a group extension) is computed and, as $H$-modules, $Q$ and its second tensor power are decomposed into a direct sum of indecomposables. We note that the least power $n$, …
Dave Benson conjectured in 2020 that if $G$ is a finite $2$-group and $V$ is an odd-dimensional indecomposable representation of $G$ over an algebraically closed field $\Bbbk$ of characteristic $2$, then the only odd-dimensional indecomposable summand of $V \otimes V^*$ is the trivial representation $\Bbbk$. This would imply that a tensor power of an odd-dimensional indecomposable representation of $G$ over $\Bbbk$ has a unique odd-dimensional summand. Benson has further conjectured that, given such a representation $V$, the function sending a positive integer $n$ to the dimension of the uniqu…
