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arXiv 1302.6891cond-mat.soft
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剪切干扰态的涨落:一种统计包络方法

Fluctuations in Shear-Jammed States: A Statistical Ensemble Approach

Dapeng Bi, Jie Zhang, R. P. Behringer, Bulbul Chakraborty

摘要:

颗粒物质在热平衡之外存在,即它是无热的。虽然传统的平衡统计力学是没有用的颗粒材料的特性,构建一个类似于其平衡对应的统计系综来描述静态颗粒物质的想法是由爱德华兹和Oakshott在二十多年前提出的。近年来,这个想法已经有了几个实施。其中之一是应力系综,这是基于力矩张量的属性,并适用于摩擦和无摩擦颗粒。我们证明了这种统计框架在剪切堵塞(SJ)实验状态[1,2]中的全部效用,这是一类由纯剪切产生的特殊颗粒固体,这是一种用于创建固体的严格非平衡协议。我们表明,应力系综提供了一个很好的定量描述的波动实验SJ状态。我们表明,应力波动是由一个单一的张量控制:系统的angoricity,这是一个直接模拟的热力学温度。SJ状态在局部应力中表现出显着的相关性,因此本质上不同于密度驱动的各向同性堵塞(IJ)状态。

英文摘要:

Granular matter exists out of thermal equilibrium, i.e. it is athermal. While conventional equilibrium statistical mechanics is not useful for characterizing granular materials, the idea of constructing a statistical ensemble analogous to its equilibrium counterpart to describe static granular matter was proposed by Edwards and Oakshott more than two decades ago. Recent years have seen several implementations of this idea. One of these is the stress ensemble, which is based on properties of the force moment tensor, and applies to frictional and frictionless grains. We demonstrate the full utility of this statistical framework in shear jammed (SJ) experimental states [1,2], a special class of granular solids created by pure shear, which is a strictly non-equilbrium protocol for creating solids. We demonstrate that the stress ensemble provides an excellent quantitative description of fluctuations in experimental SJ states. We show that the stress fluctuations are controlled by a single tensorial quantity: the angoricity of the system, which is a direct analog of the thermodynamic temperature. SJ states exhibit significant correlations in local stresses and are thus inherently different from density-driven, isotropically jammed (IJ) states.

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