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arXiv 1302.3886astro-ph.GA
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含O VI星云的行星状星云的X射线散射

Diffuse X-ray Emission from Planetary Nebulae with Nebular O VI

N. Ruiz, Y. -H. Chu, R. A. Gruendl, M. A. Guerrero, R. Jacob, D. Schonberner, M. Steffen

摘要:

O-VI离子的存在表明等离子体的温度可能达到10^5 K的数倍,这是在热冲击恒星风气体(10^6 K)和行星状星云(PNe)中较冷的星云气体(约10,000 K)之间的热传导层中预期的。我们已经使用FUSE观测PNe寻找星云的O VI发射或吸收作为诊断的传导层,以确保热的内部气体的存在。三个显示星云O VI的PNe,即IC 418,NGC 2392和NGC 6826,已被选中用于Chandra观测,并且在这些PNe中的每一个中确实检测到弥散X射线发射。其中,NGC 2392具有特别高的漫射X射线光度和等离子体温度,与其恒星风的机械光度和终极速度相比。热传导对NGC 2392恒星风终极速度较低时热气泡等离子体温度的影响有限,这可能部分解释了其高等离子体温度的原因,但高X射线光度需要由观测到的恒星风以外的过程提供动力,这可能是由NGC 2392 CSPN的一个看不见的双星伴星的存在造成的。我们已经编制了相关信息的X射线,恒星和星云的PNE与气泡形态的属性,并发现预期的泡沫模型,包括热传导比较有利的热气泡周围的H-丰富的CSPNe与目前的X射线观测,但有显着的差异为那些周围的H-穷人[WR] CSPNe。我们注意到,更多的大质量中心恒星的PNe可以产生更热的等离子体和更高的X射线表面亮度的中央热泡内。

英文摘要:

The presence of O VI ions can be indicative of plasma temperatures of a few times 10^5 K that is expected in heat conduction layers between the hot shocked stellar wind gas at several 10^6 K and the cooler (~10,000 K) nebular gas of planetary nebulae (PNe). We have used FUSE observations of PNe to search for nebular O VI emission or absorption as a diagnostic of conduction layer to ensure the presence of hot interior gas. Three PNe showing nebular O VI, namely IC 418, NGC 2392, and NGC 6826, have been selected for Chandra observations and diffuse X-ray emission is indeed detected in each of these PNe. Among the three, NGC 2392 has peculiarly high diffuse X-ray luminosity and plasma temperature compared with those expected from its stellar wind's mechanical luminosity and terminal velocity. The limited effects of heat conduction on the plasma temperature of a hot bubble at the low terminal velocity of the stellar wind of NGC 2392 may partially account for its high plasma temperature, but the high X-ray luminosity needs to be powered by processes other than the observed stellar wind, probably caused by the presence of an unseen binary companion of the CSPN of NGC 2392. We have compiled relevant information on the X-ray, stellar, and nebular properties of PNe with a bubble morphology and found that the expectations of bubble models including heat conduction compare favorably with the present X-ray observations of hot bubbles around H-rich CSPNe, but have notable discrepancies for those around H-poor [WR] CSPNe. We note that PNe with more massive central stars can produce hotter plasma and higher X-ray surface brightness inside central hot bubbles.

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