arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2107.01112astro-ph.SRastro-ph.GA
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行星状星云中冷等离子体的低频阵射线射电观测证据(LOFAR)

Evidence for cold plasma in planetary nebulae from radio observations with the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR)

Marcin Hajduk, Marijke Haverkorn, Timothy Shimwell, Mateusz Olech, Joseph R. Callingham, Harish K. Vedantham, Glenn J. White, Marco Iacobelli, Alexander Drabent

摘要:

我们目前的观测行星状星云的低频阵列射线(LOFAR)之间的120和168兆赫。这些图像显示了星云壳层的热自由辐射。我们已经确定了空间分辨的光学厚星云的电子温度。这些温度比从碰撞激发的光发射谱线估计的温度低20%至60%。这有力地支持了冷等离子体成分的存在,它与行星状星云中的热等离子体共存。这种冷等离子体对碰撞激发线没有贡献,但对复合线和射电通量有贡献。在我们的图像中,这两种等离子体成分都没有空间分辨,尽管我们推断冷等离子体延伸到行星状星云的外半径。然而,更冷的等离子体似乎存在于更小的半径。在行星状星云射电辐射的模拟中应考虑冷等离子体的存在。无线电发射的模型通常使用从碰撞激发的光学和/或红外线计算的电子温度。这可能会导致低估的电离质量和高估的灭绝校正时,来自行星状星云的无线电流量单独。校正提高了一致性的消光来自无线电通量相比,从巴尔末衰减通量比的估计。

英文摘要:

We present observations of planetary nebulae with the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) between 120 and 168 MHz. The images show thermal free-free emission from the nebular shells. We have determined the electron temperatures for spatially resolved, optically thick nebulae. These temperatures are 20 to 60% lower than those estimated from collisionally excited optical emission lines. This strongly supports the existence of a cold plasma component, which co-exists with hot plasma in planetary nebulae. This cold plasma does not contribute to the collisionally excited lines, but does contribute to recombination lines and radio flux. Neither of the plasma components are spatially resolved in our images, although we infer that the cold plasma extends to the outer radii of planetary nebulae. However, more cold plasma appears to exist at smaller radii. The presence of cold plasma should be taken into account in modeling of radio emission of planetary nebulae. Modelling of radio emission usually uses electron temperatures calculated from collisionally excited optical and/or infrared lines. This may lead to an underestimate of the ionized mass and an overestimate of the extinction correction from planetary nebulae when derived from the radio flux alone. The correction improves the consistency of extinction derived from the radio fluxes when compared to estimates from the Balmer decrement flux ratios.

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