arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1302.2871cond-mat.quant-gasphysics.flu-dyn
收藏

共振相互作用费米气体中的第二声和超流分数

Second sound and the superfluid fraction in a resonantly interacting Fermi gas

Leonid A. Sidorenkov, Meng Khoon Tey, Rudolf Grimm, Yan-Hua Hou, Lev Pitaevskii, Sandro Stringari

摘要:

超流性是一种宏观量子现象,它在低于临界温度时出现,并导致物质的特殊行为,无摩擦流动,量子化涡旋的形成,以及转动惯量的淬灭都是有趣的例子。对于有限温度下超流体所表现出的许多现象,一个引人注目的解释可以用两种流体的混合物来给出,这种混合物由行为像普通流体的正常组分和具有零粘度和零熵的超流体组分组成。超流体系统的重要例子是液氦和中子星。最近,超冷原子气体作为新的超流体系统出现,具有前所未有的控制相互作用和外部约束的可能性。本文报道了在超冷费米气体中首次观测到的共振相互作用的“第二声”。第二种声音是超流体的双组分性质的显著表现,对应于熵波,其中超流体和非超流体组分以相反的相位振荡,不同于普通声音(“第一种声音”),其中它们同相振荡。第二声速明显取决于超流分数的值,超流分数是一个对基元激发谱敏感的量。我们的测量使我们能够提取超流分数的温度依赖性,这在强相互作用的量子气体中是一个无法获得的量。

英文摘要:

Superfluidity is a macroscopic quantum phenomenon, which shows up below a critical temperature and leads to a peculiar behavior of matter, with frictionless flow, the formation of quantized vortices, and the quenching of the moment of inertia being intriguing examples. A remarkable explanation for many phenomena exhibited by a superfluid at finite temperature can be given in terms of a two-fluid mixture comprised of a normal component that behaves like a usual fluid and a superfluid component with zero viscosity and zero entropy. Important examples of superfluid systems are liquid helium and neutron stars. More recently, ultracold atomic gases have emerged as new superfluid systems with unprecedented possibilities to control interactions and external confinement. Here we report the first observation of `second sound' in an ultracold Fermi gas with resonant interactions. Second sound is a striking manifestation of the two-component nature of a superfluid and corresponds to an entropy wave, where the superfluid and the non-superfluid components oscillate in opposite phase, different from ordinary sound (`first sound'), where they oscillate in phase. The speed of second sound depends explicitly on the value of the superfluid fraction, a quantity sensitive to the spectrum of elementary excitations. Our measurements allow us to extract the temperature dependence of the superfluid fraction, which in strongly interacting quantum gases has been an inaccessible quantity so far.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑