arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2008.06044cond-mat.quant-gascond-mat.stat-mechphysics.atom-phphysics.flu-dyn
收藏

BKT超流体中第一和第二声的观测

Observation of first and second sound in a BKT superfluid

Panagiotis Christodoulou, Maciej Gałka, Nishant Dogra, Raphael Lopes, Julian Schmitt, Zoran Hadzibabic

摘要:

自从在液氦II中观察到无摩擦流动以来,各种形式的超流性一直吸引着科学家。在三维空间(3D)中,它在概念上与在临界温度$T_{\text{c}}$出现长程序(LRO)相关联。它的标志之一,由非常成功的双流体模型预测,并在液氦和超冷原子气体中观察到,是存在两种声音激发,第一和第二声音。在2D系统中,热涨落排除了LRO,但超流性仍然通过无限阶Berezinskiii-Kosterlitz-无相变(BKT)在非零$T_{\text{c}}$出现,这与超流密度$n_{\text{s}}$的普遍跳跃有关,而流体的热力学性质没有任何不连续性。BKT超流体也被预测支持两种声音,但对这一点的观察仍然难以捉摸。在这里,我们观察第一和第二个声音在均匀的二维原子玻色气体,并从两个温度依赖的声速提取其超流密度。我们的结果与BKT理论一致,包括对普遍超流密度跳跃的预言。

英文摘要:

Superfluidity in its various forms has fascinated scientists since the observation of frictionless flow in liquid helium II. In three spatial dimensions (3D), it is conceptually associated with the emergence of long-range order (LRO) at a critical temperature $T_{\text{c}}$. One of its hallmarks, predicted by the highly successful two-fluid model and observed in both liquid helium and ultracold atomic gases, is the existence of two kinds of sound excitations, the first and second sound. In 2D systems, thermal fluctuations preclude LRO, but superfluidity nevertheless emerges at a nonzero $T_{\text{c}}$ via the infinite-order Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition, which is associated with a universal jump in the superfluid density $n_{\text{s}}$ without any discontinuities in the fluid's thermodynamic properties. BKT superfluids are also predicted to support two sounds, but the observation of this has remained elusive. Here we observe first and second sound in a homogeneous 2D atomic Bose gas, and from the two temperature-dependent sound speeds extract its superfluid density. Our results agree with BKT theory, including the prediction for the universal superfluid-density jump.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑