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arXiv 1301.5643cond-mat.str-el
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量子自旋冰中非零温度下的自旋液体区

Spin Liquid Regimes at Nonzero Temperature in Quantum Spin Ice

Lucile Savary, Leon Balents

摘要:

量子自旋液体是具有涌现规范结构、分数自旋子激发和其他不寻常性质的量子系统的高度纠缠基态。虽然这些特征清楚地将量子自旋液体与传统的在零温度(T)下的类平均场状态区分开来,但它们在T>0时的状态不太清楚。严格地说,已知大多数量子自旋液体在非零温度下失去它们的特性,在这种情况下,它们可被热力学变换成平凡的顺磁体。这是最近提出的在量子自旋冰高温超导体中出现的U(1)量子自旋液体态的情况。然而,在这里,我们提出,在实践中,后者的量子自旋液体可以被视为不同的相从高温顺磁体。通过规范平均场论计算和物理推理相结合,我们认为,这些系统同时支持量子自旋液体和热自旋液体相,分别由量子涨落和熵,占主导地位。这些阶段被一阶“热约束”跃迁分开,使得对于低于跃迁的温度,自旋子和出射光子是相干传播的激发,并且在其之上动力学是经典的。即使对于基态是磁有序的而不是量子自旋液体的参数,也会发生这种强的一阶跃迁,从而抢占常规的朗道型临界性。我们认为,这张照片解释了在量子自旋冰材料Yb 2 Ti 2 O 7中观察到的异常低温相变。

英文摘要:

Quantum spin liquids are highly entangled ground states of quantum systems with emergent gauge structure, fractionalized spinon excitations, and other unusual properties. While these features clearly distinguish quantum spin liquids from conventional, mean-field-like states at zero temperature (T), their status at T>0 is less clear. Strictly speaking, it is known that most quantum spin liquids lose their identity at non-zero temperature, being in that case adiabatically transformable into a trivial paramagnet. This is the case for the U(1) quantum spin liquid states recently proposed to occur in the quantum spin ice pyrochlores. Here we propose, however, that in practical terms, the latter quantum spin liquids can be regarded as distinct phases from the high temperature paramagnet. Through a combination of gauge mean field theory calculations and physical reasoning, we argue that these systems sustain both quantum spin liquid and thermal spin liquid phases, dominated by quantum fluctuations and entropy, respectively. These phases are separated by a first order "thermal confinement" transition, such that for temperatures below the transition, spinons and emergent photons are coherently propagating excitations, and above it the dynamics is classical. Even for parameters for which the ground state is magnetically ordered and not a quantum spin liquid, this strong first order transition occurs, pre-empting conventional Landau-type criticality. We argue that this picture explains the anomalously low temperature phase transition observed in the quantum spin ice material Yb2Ti2O7.

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